Association of dry eye disease with smoking: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Tariq, MuhammadAli; Amin, Hamza; Akin, Bilal; Ali, Uzair; Mohiuddin, Ashar

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_2193_21

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Some of these preventive treatments were studied in a recent study to examine the application of artificial tears and contact lenses, concluding that they significantly reduced DED symptoms [ 29 ]. In concordance with our findings regarding the association between secondhand smoke and DED, a systematic review of 22 studies concluded that smoking may not be considered a risk factor for developing DED, and that there is conflicting information regarding smoking's role in DED development [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease Among Children and Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Alrabghi,

Abudungor,

Alsulaiman

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is characterized by loss of homeostasis of the tear film or failure to produce sufficient amounts of tears to moisturize the eyes. The condition has been associated with several preventable risk factors.Objective: The objective of this study is to calculate the prevalence of dry eye and determine the associated risk factors among adults and children in Saudi Arabia.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study targeting all Saudi populations, including all the regions of Saudi Arabia. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the five-item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5) were used for data collection. Data were collected using an online form that was distributed through social media.Results: A total of 541 responses were analyzed. The OSDI scores showed that females represented 70.9%, and the age group of 20-40 years represented 59.7%. The prevalence of DED, including all severity levels, was 74.9%. The distribution across levels was as follows: mild cases at 26.2%, moderate cases at 18.2%, and severe at 30.4%. On the other hand, DEQ-5 has shown a prevalence of 37% among the pediatric age group. Several risk factors have been significantly associated with adults' dry eye, including low humidity (P-value=0.002), reading, driving, or watching electronic screens for extended durations (P-value=0.019), autoimmune diseases (P-value=0.033), and undergoing eye procedures (P-value-0.013). Conclusion:The current study reports a high prevalence rate of dry eyes among the Saudi population. Reading, driving, and using electronic screens for an extended period were found to be associated with the severity of DED. Prospective studies should focus on the epidemiology of the disease, which will provide evidence for better preventive and therapeutic measures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease Among Children and Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Alrabghi,

Abudungor,

Alsulaiman

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…In contrast to these findings, Wangkaew et al revealed no statistical difference between SSc patients and healthy subjects after adjusting for the use of xerogenic drugs and smoking, suggesting that the utilization of drugs with anticholinergic side-effects and smoking may also be associated with higher dry eye symptom scores in SSc patients. [ 20 , 21 ] Keratoconjunctivitis, skin changes of the eyelid, uveitis, episcleritis, weakening of the extraocular muscles, scleritis, glaucoma, peripheral ulcerative keratitis, enophthalmos, and cataract are some of the other clinical symptoms. One-third of SSc patients had retinal abnormalities on fundus examination, according to a cross-sectional investigation evaluating retinal involvement [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] The Function of Retinal Thickness and Microvascular Alterations in the Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis

Fang

Peng

et al. 2023

BioMed Research International

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In this study, we aim to investigate retinal thickness (RT) and superficial vascular density (SVD) differences between patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and healthy controls (HCs) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Sixteen patients with a definitive SSc diagnosis without clinical signs of retinopathy and 16 normal control subjects were recruited. All individuals underwent OCTA scanning to assess macular RT and SVD. We divided each image into nine subregions as the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS). Visual acuity (VA) was considerably different between patients with SSc (32 eyes) and control subjects (32 eyes) ( p < 0.001 ). Compared to the control group, individuals with SSc had decreased inner RT in inner superior, outer superior, outer temporal, inner temporal, center, and inner nasal regions ( p < 0.05 ). Outer RT was decreased in the outer and inner temporal regions, and full RT was decreased in the regions of outer superior, inner superior, inner temporal, and outer temporal, in comparison to the control group ( p < 0.05 ). Patients with SSc had significant reduction of SVD in the inner and outer of both superior and temporal, besides outer nasal regions than controls. ( p < 0.05 ). Moreover, SVD was significantly associated with the outer temporal region of patients suffering from SSc ( p < 0.05 ). Diagnostic Sensitivity of RT and SVD of Inner Superior Regions in SSc, as indicated by areas under curves of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), were 0.874 (95% CI: 0.786–0.962) and 0.827 (95% CI: 0.704–0.950), respectively. In conclusion, VA may be affected by RT variations inside the macula in patients with SSc. Measuring RT with OCTA could be a useful predictor of early diagnosis.

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“…Furthermore, in our study, we found that higher OSDI scores were reported in subjects in the medical field, teaching assistants, and non-smokers. Regarding the association between DED and smoking, Tariq et al conducted a meta-analysis, and the results indicate that smoking doesn't increase the risk for DED [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Eye Symptoms in Jazan University Lecturers During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)

Abuallut,

Hurissi,

Khawaji

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background Dry eye disease (DED) is a disease of the ocular surface characterized by instability of the tear film, which causes ocular surface inflammation and damage that leads to ocular symptoms, discomfort, and visual disturbance. Dry eye is a common ocular condition and a major reason for ophthalmologist visits. Compulsory e-learning has arisen in colleges and schools with the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic as a tool for new teaching and learning. DED is an emerging threat to public health and is directly proportional to digital screen viewing length. DED diagnosis flowchart begins with history-taking of associated risk factors and a screening test by Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Therefore, we aim to assess the prevalence and the severity of DED among Jazan University lecturers and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods A total of 150 participants were recruited for this descriptive, observational study. Participants completed an online questionnaire that contained questions about sociodemographics, electronic devices they used, the average number of hours of use in a day as well as the distance and posture while reading, and factors that may influence visual symptoms such as the use of glasses, frequent changes in glasses prescription and DED symptoms. Results The results showed that the prevalence of DED was high, with 23% of participants having mild DED, 12% having moderate DED, and 29% having severe DED. DED was associated with a number of sociodemographic and clinical factors, including younger age, female gender, occupation as a lecturer, and use of digital devices. Conclusion This study highlights the need to develop strategies to prevent and control DED among high-risk groups, such as university lecturers. Future research should focus on identifying more effective ways to prevent DED and to improve the management of DED symptoms.

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Association of dry eye disease with smoking: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 52 publications

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease Among Children and Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease Among Children and Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

[Retracted] The Function of Retinal Thickness and Microvascular Alterations in the Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis

Dry Eye Symptoms in Jazan University Lecturers During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)

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