Association of Elevated Blood Levels of Pentachlorophenol (PCP) with Cellular and Humoral Immunodeficiencies

Daniel, Volker; Huber, Wolfgang; Bauer, K. H.; Suesal, Caner; Mytilineos, Joannis; Melk, Anette; Conradt, Christian; Opelz, Gerhard

doi:10.1080/00039890109604057

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The weak associations of PCBs, HCB, and HCHs with immunologic abnormalities described herein are in stark contrast to the striking abnormalities observed in individuals with high blood levels of PCP (38,49). The clinical relevance of HCB-associated suppression of IFN-γ awaits further clarification.…”

Section: Nscontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…Because PCP was shown in previous studies to be strongly associated with humoral and cellular dysfunction, we excluded individuals with PCP blood levels > 10 µg/L from the analysis (38,49). The blood levels of PCBs, HCB, and HCHs were often associated with one another, suggesting simultaneous exposure, making it difficult to dissociate the impact of individual compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The compounds occur as mixtures, and studies on their possible interactive effects are therefore important. In previous studies we demonstrated a suppressive effect of PCP blood levels of > 10 µg/L on certain cellular and humoral immune parameters (38,49). To avoid an interference of high PCP levels, we excluded patients with PCP blood levels > 10 µg/L from the present analysis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Associations of blood levels of PCB, HCHS, and HCB with numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations, in vitro lymphocyte response, plasma cytokine levels, and immunoglobulin autoantibodies.

Daniel¹,

Huber²,

Bauer³

et al. 2001

Environ Health Perspect

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Pentachlorophenol (PCP), hexachlorocyclohexane-[alpha], -beta, and -[gamma] (HCH-[alpha], -beta, and -[gamma]), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) are widely distributed industrial chemicals. They are suspected to induce immunologic impairments in exposed individuals. We examined dose-response relationships of blood levels of these chemicals with cellular (numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations, in vitro lymphocyte response) or humoral (plasma cytokine levels, immunoglobulin autoantibodies) immunologic dysfunctions. We studied 146 patients who had been occupationally exposed primarily to PCBs for more than 6 months. Lymphocyte subpopulations, in vitro responses to mitogens and allogeneic stimulator cells, plasma neopterin, cytokines, soluble cytokine receptors, soluble adhesion molecules, anti-Ig autoantibodies, and liver transaminases were determined. Blood levels of the different compounds were strongly correlated with one another. There were only weak dose-response relationships between blood levels of PCBs with cellular immune parameters, and of HCHs and HCB with humoral immune parameters. An exception was the statistically significant negative association of HCB with interferon-[gamma] (IFN-[gamma]), indicating that HCB has a significant impact on Th1 lymphocytes. Patients with HCB blood levels above the mean of 1,109 ng/L more often had undetectable IFN-[gamma] blood levels than patients below the mean. Patients with increased PCB 138 (> 710 ng/L) had more frequently undetectable interleukin-4 blood levels than patients with PCB 138 below the mean, and patients with increased PCB 101 (> 31 ng/L) more often had low DR+ cell counts in the blood (< 190/microL) than patients with PCB 101 below the mean. To assess possible cumulative effects, we compared patients who had blood levels of all compounds below background with patients who had blood levels of all compounds above background. Patients with low or absent blood levels of the compounds studied had higher IFN-[gamma] plasma levels, providing some evidence for a cumulative effect of several weakly active compounds. In conclusion, exposure to PCBs, HCB, or HCHs is associated with weak immunologic abnormalities. These results contrast with those obtained in earlier studies of blood levels of PCP, which showed a strong dose-dependent relationship with immunologic impairments. Our data suggest that long-term exposure of patients to HCB suppresses IFN-[gamma] production.

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Section: Nscontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of blood levels of PCB, HCHS, and HCB with numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations, in vitro lymphocyte response, plasma cytokine levels, and immunoglobulin autoantibodies.

Daniel¹,

Huber²,

Bauer³

et al. 2001

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Agent Orange, an herbicide used in Vietnam War was also found to be toxic to immune function (Kim et al, 2003). Pentachlorophenol, -cies, which is associated with the increased blood levels of Pentachlorophenol (Daniel et al, 2001). 3,4-dichloropropionaniline is also a herbicide, and suppresses several to suppresses normal macrophage function (Ustyugova et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral administration of paraquat perturbs immunoglobulin productivity in mouse

et al. 2010

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-Paraquat is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world and has been known to injure lungs, liver and skin in animals and human. Hence, it is important to understand the manner of paraquat in mammals. We studied the effect of paraquat on the immune function of mouse in vitro and in vivo. When splenocytes were cultured in vitro with various concentrations of paraquat, IgA productivity was not affected while IgG and IgM productivity decreased. On the other hand, Oral administration of paraquat for 1, 2 or 3 weeks increased IgA level but decreased IgM levels in serum of mice. Similarly IgA productivity increased while IgM productivity decreased. These results suggest that paraquat perturbs the lymphocytes immunoglobulin productivity in an immunoglobulin class-dependent manner.

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“…Stiller-Winkler et al (1999) reported that the exposure of humans to a mixture of pesticides such as organophosphates, carbamates, phenoxy herbicides and pyrethroids resulted in a significant increase in serum neopterin in comparison to a non-exposed group. Blood concentrations of pentachlorophenol also correlated positively with plasma concentrations of neopterin (Daniel et al 2001a). In contrast, serum neopterin gave no indication of significant changes after pesticide control operation using pyrethroids (Hadnagy et al 2003) and plasma neopterin showed no associations with blood concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorocyclohexane isomers and hexachlorobenzene (Daniel et al 2001b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of prochloraz fungicide on neopterin and biopterin concentrations in blood plasma of common carp

et al. 2014

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Neopterin and biopterin are often used as markers of cell mediated immunity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prochloraz on neopterin and biopterin concentrations in blood plasma of common carp as possible indicators for monitoring perturbations of the immune system caused by xenobiotics like pesticides. Prochloraz is a widely used imidazole fungicide in horticulture and agriculture. A total of 60 juvenile common carp were divided into four groups of 15 fish and exposed to prochloraz at concentrations of 0, 50, 150 and 380 µg·l -1 , respectively. The total length of exposure was 28 days. Neopterin and biopterin concentrations were determined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Our results indicated that concentrations of neopterin (25 ± 7.6 nmol·l -1 ) and biopterin (190 ± 29 nmol·l -1 ) in plasma of untreated common carp were comparable with those in mammals. Neopterin concentrations significantly (P < 0.01) increased after exposure to prochloraz in comparison to non-exposed fish, while biopterin concentrations were not influenced by exposure to prochloraz. This study contains new data on neopterin and biopterin concentrations in fish plasma and investigates neopterin and biopterin in their non-traditional role as markers of cell mediated immunity of fish associated with pesticide exposure.

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Association of Elevated Blood Levels of Pentachlorophenol (PCP) with Cellular and Humoral Immunodeficiencies

Cited by 37 publications

References 32 publications

Associations of blood levels of PCB, HCHS, and HCB with numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations, in vitro lymphocyte response, plasma cytokine levels, and immunoglobulin autoantibodies.

Associations of blood levels of PCB, HCHS, and HCB with numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations, in vitro lymphocyte response, plasma cytokine levels, and immunoglobulin autoantibodies.

Oral administration of paraquat perturbs immunoglobulin productivity in mouse

Effect of prochloraz fungicide on neopterin and biopterin concentrations in blood plasma of common carp

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