Effect of prochloraz fungicide on neopterin and biopterin concentrations in blood plasma of common carp

Abstract

Neopterin and biopterin are often used as markers of cell mediated immunity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prochloraz on neopterin and biopterin concentrations in blood plasma of common carp as possible indicators for monitoring perturbations of the immune system caused by xenobiotics like pesticides. Prochloraz is a widely used imidazole fungicide in horticulture and agriculture. A total of 60 juvenile common carp were divided into four groups of 15 fish and exposed to prochloraz at concentrations of 0, 50, 150 and 380 µg·l -1 , respectively. The total length of exposure was 28 days. Neopterin and biopterin concentrations were determined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Our results indicated that concentrations of neopterin (25 ± 7.6 nmol·l -1 ) and biopterin (190 ± 29 nmol·l -1 ) in plasma of untreated common carp were comparable with those in mammals. Neopterin concentrations significantly (P < 0.01) increased after exposure to prochloraz in comparison to non-exposed fish, while biopterin concentrations were not influenced by exposure to prochloraz. This study contains new data on neopterin and biopterin concentrations in fish plasma and investigates neopterin and biopterin in their non-traditional role as markers of cell mediated immunity of fish associated with pesticide exposure.

Evaluation of Biochemical, Haematological, and Histopathological Responses and Recovery Ability of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpioL.) after Acute Exposure to Atrazine Herbicide

“…Neopterin and biopterin belong to a group of unconjugated pterins and their levels in body fluids are often used as a biochemical marker of cell mediated immunity [ 35 ]. Unfortunately, there is only one study, which deals with the possibility to use the monitoring of pterins as potential markers of immune stress in fish organisms after pesticide exposure [ 36 ]. The authors studied the effects of subchronic exposure to prochloraz in common carp and they reported an increase in neopterin concentration, while biopterin concentration was not influenced.…”

Comparison of extraction solvents and sorbents in the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method for the determination of pesticide multiresidue in fruits by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

“…Therefore it is necessary to monitor plant growth regulators and fungicide residues. Several studies have been focused on the determination of plant growth regulators and fungicide residues in fruits and vegetables , soil and water samples , biological materials , separately. However, reports about simultaneous determination of plant growth regulators and fungicides in fruits are not very common in the literature.…”