Association of growth rate with hormone levels and myogenic gene expression profile in broilers

Xiao, Yingping; Wu, Choufei; Li, Kaifeng; Gui, Guohong; Zhang, Guolong; Yang, Hua

doi:10.1186/s40104-017-0170-8

Cited by 46 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Jia et al (2018) reported that broiler chicks showed higher plasma IGF-1 concentration than native chicken breeds. Fast-growing broilers had higher concentrations of IGF-1 in the serum than slow-growing broilers (Xiao et al, 2017). Thus, high concentration of plasma IGF-1 may possibly be one of the causes of fast growth of broiler chickens.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in the Central Regulation of Feeding Behavior in Chicks

et al. 2019

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Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a key regulator of muscle development and metabolism in chickens. Recently, we have demonstrated that intracerebroventricular administration of IGF-1 significantly decreased food intake in broiler chicks. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the IGF-1-induced anorexia and the anorexigenic effect of IGF-1 in different strains of commercial chicks have not been investigated. Neuropeptide Y (NPY, a hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptide), agouti-related protein (AgRP, a hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptide), and proopiomelanocortin (POMC, the precursor of hypothalamic anorexigenic neuropeptides) play important roles in the regulation of food intake in both mammals and chickens. Evidence shows that several cell signaling pathways in the hypothalamus are involved in regulating the feeding behavior of mammals. In the present study, we first investigated the effects of IGF-1 on the expression of appetite-regulating neuropeptides and phosphorylation of signaling molecules in the hypothalamus of broiler chicks. Intracerebroventricular administration of IGF-1 significantly increased the mRNA levels of POMC, whereas the mRNA levels of NPY and AgRP were not significantly altered. IGF-1 also significantly induced the phosphorylation of v-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT) in the hypothalamus of chicks, but did not influence the phosphorylation of forkhead box O1, S6 protein, AMP-activated protein kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. We also compared the effect of IGF-1 on food intake in broiler chicks (a hyperphagic strain of chickens) and layer chicks. Results demonstrated that the threshold of IGF-1-induced anorexia in broiler chicks was higher than that in layer chicks. Our observations suggest that hypothalamic POMC and AKT may be involved in the IGF-1-induced anorexigenic pathway and that high threshold of IGF-1-induced anorexia in broiler chicks might be one of the causes of hyperphagia in broiler chicks. Overall, it appears that IGF-1 plays important roles in the central regulation of feeding behavior in chicks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in the Central Regulation of Feeding Behavior in Chicks

et al. 2019

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“…Some effects of Met concentration were observed as suboptimum Met concentrations in the basal diet fed Met‐ group reduced IGF1 signalling (GHR, IGF1) and increased protein degradation on the molecular level via UPP (MURF1) and autophagy (ATG5, BECN1/ATG6), mainly when compared to the groups fed diets with a surplus of Met (0.40% groups). IGF1 signalling is known to be connected to growth in broilers; for example, one study showed a correlation between bird weight and serum IGF concentrations as well as breast muscle IGF1 expression (Xiao et al, ). In contrast to our expectations, the Met source neither affected anabolic nor catabolic pathways in the muscle on the molecular level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of methionine on muscle protein synthesis and degradation pathways in broilers

Zeitz

Mohrmann

Käding

et al. 2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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This study investigated the hypothesis that supplementation of methionine (Met) to broiler diets increases muscle growth due to regulation of molecular pathways related to protein synthesis and degradation depending on the Met source. Day‐old male Cobb‐500 broilers (n = 240) were phase‐fed three different wheat–soya bean meal‐based basal diets during days 1–10, 11–21 and 22–35. Basal diets (Met‐ group, Met + Cys concentration 15% below NRC recommendations) were supplemented with 0.10% or 0.40% Met either as DL‐Met (DLM) or DL‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio) butanoic acid (DL‐HMTBA) (equimolar comparison). Breast muscle weights were lower in the Met‐ group compared to all Met‐supplemented groups and were lower in broilers supplemented with 0.10% of DL‐HMTBA compared to the other groups fed Met‐supplemented diets. However, the expression of genes or relative phosphorylation and thus activation state of proteins involved in the somatotropic axis, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway of protein synthesis, the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway (UPP) and autophagy–lysosomal pathway of protein degradation, the GCN2/eIF2a pathway involved in the inhibition of protein synthesis and in the myostatin–Smad2/3 pathway involved in myogenesis were not affected by Met source. Feeding diets with suboptimum Met + Cys concentrations, however, decreased expression of GHR and IGF1 in liver and muscle and increased that of MURF1 involved in the UPP in the broiler's muscle at day 10 and 21, while that of FOXO and atrogin‐1 and FOXO phosphorylation remained unaffected. Additionally, suboptimum dietary Met concentrations increased expression of the autophagy‐related genes ATG5 and BECN1 at day 35. Met supplementation neither affected gene expression nor phosphorylation of proteins involved in the GNC2/eIF2a and mTOR pathways. These data indicate that protein synthesis was not affected on the molecular level, while protein degradation was marginally affected by dietary Met dosage.

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“…Quantitative PCR assays were performed in triplicate on an ABI Prism 7700 Sequence Detector (Applied Biosystems) using an annealing temperature of 63°C and gene-specific primers listed in Supplementary Tables S1, S2. Data were normalized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) or 18S rRNA using the comparative ΔΔCt method as described (Xiao et al, 2017b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Is a Major Contributor to Adiposity in Pigs

et al. 2018

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Different breeds of pigs vary greatly in their propensity for adiposity. Gut microbiota is known to play an important role in modulating host physiology including fat metabolism. However, the relative contribution of gut microbiota to lipogenic characteristics of pigs remains elusive. In this study, we transplanted fecal microbiota of adult Jinhua and Landrace pigs, two breeds of pigs with distinct lipogenic phenotypes, to antibiotic-treated mice. Our results indicated that, 4 weeks after fecal transplantation, the mice receiving Jinhua pigs’ “obese” microbiota (JM) exhibited a different intestinal bacterial community structure from those receiving Landrace pigs’ “lean” microbiota (LM). Notably, an elevated ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and a significant diminishment of Akkermansia were observed in JM mice relative to LM mice. Importantly, mouse recipients resembled their respective porcine donors in many of the lipogenic characteristics. Similar to Jinhua pig donors, JM mice had elevated lipid and triglyceride levels and the lipoprotein lipase activity in the liver. Enhanced expression of multiple key lipogenic genes and reduced angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) mRNA expression were also observed in JM mice, relative to those in LM mice. These results collectively suggested that gut microbiota of Jinhua pigs is more capable of enhancing lipogenesis than that of Landrace pigs. Transferability of the lipogenic phenotype across species further indicated that gut microbiota plays a major role in contributing to adiposity in pigs. Manipulation of intestinal microbiota will, therefore, have a profound impact on altering host metabolism and adipogenesis, with an important implication in the treatment of human overweight and obesity.

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Association of growth rate with hormone levels and myogenic gene expression profile in broilers

Cited by 46 publications

References 28 publications

Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in the Central Regulation of Feeding Behavior in Chicks

Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in the Central Regulation of Feeding Behavior in Chicks

Effects of methionine on muscle protein synthesis and degradation pathways in broilers

Gut Microbiota Is a Major Contributor to Adiposity in Pigs

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