Association of hip fracture incidence and intake of calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, and vitamin K

Yaegashi, Yasunori; Onoda, Toshiyuki; Tanno, Kozo; Kuribayashi, Toru; Sakata, Kiyomi; Orimo, Hajime

doi:10.1007/s10654-008-9225-7

Cited by 92 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…According to the 2002 National Nutrition Survey in Japan, intake of these nutrients required for normal bone metabolism was lower in skippers than in nonskippers [30]. In addition, higher incidence of hip fracture was associated with low intake of vitamins D and K in both men and women [31]. Based on these studies, we speculate that skipping meals may cause nutritional deficiencies that affect bone metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Association between bone mineral density and lifestyle factors or vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in adult male workers: a cross-sectional study

Funakoshi

Omori

Katoh

2009

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and lifestyle factors, as well as the influence of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism, in adult male workers. Methods The subjects were 524 male employees aged 23-49 years (37.3 ± 5.4 years, mean ± standard deviation) working at a large-scale integrated manufacturing facility in Japan. BMD was measured at the nondominant radius by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Lifestyle information was obtained by a questionnaire at the same time, and genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral leukocytes.Results The genotype frequencies of VDR gene polymorphism detected by Taq I digestion were 81.3%, 17.9%, and 0.8% for TT, Tt, and tt, respectively. BMD was 0.56 ± 0.06 g/cm 2 . Analysis of covariance with adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI) revealed that subjects who had a past history of exercise, current exercise from 3 to 7 days a week or daily alcohol intake showed significantly higher BMD than subjects without these features (0.56 ± 0.06 versus 0.54 ± 0.06, 0.58 ± 0.06 versus 0.55 ± 0.06, and 0.57 ± 0.06 versus 0.55 ± 0.06, respectively) (P \ 0.05). Subjects who ate only 2 meals a day or smoked C21 cigarettes a day showed significantly lower BMD if they had the Tt or tt genotype than if they had the TT genotype (0.51 ± 0.04 versus 0.56 ± 0.06 and 0.51 ± 0.05 versus 0.57 ± 0.06, respectively) (P \ 0.05).Conclusions These findings suggest that the influence of lifestyle on BMD differs according to VDR gene polymorphism in adult male workers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Association between bone mineral density and lifestyle factors or vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in adult male workers: a cross-sectional study

Funakoshi

Omori

Katoh

2009

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…Later, among several nutrients including vitamin D and calcium, vitamin K was shown to be the only nutrient that is significantly correlated with hip fracture incidence in Japanese population [14]. Furthermore, the fracture-preventing effect of vitamin K was observed in several clinical studies in Japan, which was confirmed by meta-analysis [15].…”

Section: Vitamin K2 -Vital For Health and Wellbeingmentioning

confidence: 90%

Vitamin K, SXR, and GGCX

Azuma¹,

Inoue²

2017

Vitamin K2 - Vital for Health and Wellbeing

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Vitamin K was discovered in 1929 as a substance essential for blood coagulation and had been clinically utilized before the precise mechanism of action became aware in 1970s. The function as a cofactor of γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) was the mechanism firstly discovered with the identification of several substrate proteins including blood coagulation factors and osteocalcin. Recently, we and others have shown that vitamin K has other modes of function, such as ligand of nuclear receptor SXR (steroid and xenobiotic receptor) and its murine ortholog PXR (pregnane X receptor) and modulator of protein kinase A (PKA) activity. Besides its importance in blood coagulation, involvement of vitamin K has been shown in two major aging-related diseases, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Based on clinical and epidemiological studies, vitamin K is shown to have protective roles for both of them. Interestingly, clinical studies concerning single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GGCX and γ-carboxylated status of osteocalcin suggested relationship between GGCX activity and bone-protective effect, while recent findings from basic research indicated that vitamin K functions mediated by SXR/PXR as well as GGCX are important in the bone metabolism. We also suggested that cartilage-protective effect is mediated by SXR/PXR signaling by animal experiments using Pxr knockout mice.

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“…Some studies also found an association with BMD in younger women [113][114] . Study results are mixed with respect to intake and fracture risk 84,110,115 and among Japanese subjects low serum magnesium was associated with increased fracture incidence 116 . Short term intervention studies Mechanism by which high serum phosphate (P) impacts the parathyroid gland and kidney to lower serum P…”

Section: Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 2006 systematic review and more recent studies of older adults showed that a vitamin D intake of ≥400 IU/d was associated with reduced bone loss [150][151][152] but with respect to fracture incidence, there appears to be little association with vitamin D intake 115 . Two large reviews found that in older adults, serum 25(OH)D was positively associated with BMD but there was inconsistent evidence for an association with fractures 153. In elderly postmenopausal women, those with serum 25(OH) D levels <50 nmol/L had increased fracture risk, bone loss and mortality, leading to recommendations that 50nmol/L should be the minimum level to ensure optimum bone health, below which supplementation is recommended at 800-1000IU/d but above Mechanism by which high serum phosphate (P) triggers release of FGF23 to lower serum P this threshold there was no clear evidence for additional benefit except in fragile elderly subjects, for whom serum 25(OH) D should be ≥75nmol/l 154 .…”

Section: Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Calcification and Bone: A Comparison of The Effects of Dietary and Serum Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium and Vitamin D

Nicoll¹

2015

ICFJ

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This comparison of the effects of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and vitamin D on cardiovascular (CV) calcification and bone has shown that in general the micronutrients that promote bone health also protect the arteries. We have shown that adequate amounts of all three minerals should be ingested, paying particular attention to supplementing calcium to bind high phosphorus and to ensure the maximum benefit from supplementing vitamin D. It appears that the optimum intake for bone is >800 mg/d calcium, with postmenopausal women possibly requiring a total intake of >1100mg/d. Both CV and bone studies suggest achieving a serum 25(OH)D level of >75nmol/l. These relationships are valid for a Caucasian population, however, and may not hold in African Americans and Asians. The recent concerns that calcium supplementation may increase CV disease risk has largely proved groundless, with higher calcium intake improving dyslipidaemia, hypertension and mortality. With respect to higher serum phosphate, there is an association with CV calcification and CVD risk even within the normal range, suggesting that the reference ranges may need to be redefined for ‘at risk’ patients. CV calcification was reduced in CKD patients with magnesium intake in the range 384-669mg/d. When considering the complex interplay of the action of the minerals together with their regulators vitamin D, PTH and FGF23, it is clear that this is a very sophisticated system which attempts to maintain calcium homeostasis to the possible detriment of bone and arteries. This reinforces the need to ensure adequate calcium intake before supplementing vitamin D.

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Association of hip fracture incidence and intake of calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, and vitamin K

Cited by 92 publications

References 18 publications

Association between bone mineral density and lifestyle factors or vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in adult male workers: a cross-sectional study

Association between bone mineral density and lifestyle factors or vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in adult male workers: a cross-sectional study

Vitamin K, SXR, and GGCX

Cardiovascular Calcification and Bone: A Comparison of The Effects of Dietary and Serum Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium and Vitamin D

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