Association of Hypoglycemia with Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants: An Observational Study

Abstract

Hypoglycemia has been associated with complications from the vasculature. The contributing effects of oxidative stress (OS) on these actions have not been sufficiently studied, especially in daily, routine clinical practice. We examined the association of hypoglycemia encountered in daily clinical practice with biomarkers of OS and endogenous antioxidant activity in persons with diabetes [type 1 (T1D) or type 2 (T2D)], as well as individuals without diabetes, with a history of hypoglycemia. Several biomarkers of OS (MDA, ADMA, ox-LDL, 3-NT, protein carbonyls, 4-HNE, TBARS) and antioxidant capacity (TAC, superoxide scavenging capacity, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, reducing power, ABTS) were measured. Blood was drawn at the time of hypoglycemia detection and under euglycemic conditions on a different day. A total of 31 participants (mean age [±SD] 52.2 ± 21.1 years, 45.2% males) were included in the study. There were 14 (45.2%) persons with T2D, 12 (38.7%) with T1D, and 5 (16.1%) without diabetes. We found no differences in the examined biomarkers. Only TBARS, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, showed lower values during hypoglycemia (p = 0.005). This finding needs confirmation in more extensive studies, given that MDA, another biomarker of lipid peroxidation, was not affected. Our study suggests that hypoglycemia encountered in daily clinical practice does not affect OS.

Assessing the impact of body composition, metabolic and oxidative stress parameters on insulin resistance as a prognostic marker for reactive hypoglycemia: a cross-sectional study in overweight, obese, and normal weight individuals

“…When compared to the O2 group, we noticed 15 hypoglycemic episodes within 180′ minutes from the OGTT, and two episodes within 240′ minutes. Currently, several studies have demonstrated an association between hypoglycemia and OS, especially with regard to ROS production ( Razavi et al, 2009 ; Papachristoforou et al, 2022 ). In this study, we demonstrate that individuals in the overweight development stage, who have encountered RH and obese individuals with a history of hypoglycemic episodes assessed through a prolonged OGTT test, exhibit notable variances in the examined OS parameters ( p = 0.0165, p = 0.0104, respectively) and antioxidant capacity biomarkers compared to individuals with overweight or obesity without hypoglycemic episodes ( p = 0.0155, p = 0.0262, respectively).…”

Comparative analysis of antioxidant status in diabetic patients with and without insulin resistance

“…Elevated blood sugar levels contribute to increased OS, compromising insulin action and secretion. Moreover, patients with diabetes mellitus often exhibit compromised antioxidant mechanisms, leading to heightened oxidative stress [ 5 , 6 ]. Consequently, studies exploring dietary antioxidants like vitamins to mitigate the impact of diabetes-related complications have gained attention [ 7 , 8 ].…”