Association of lifestyle risk factors with metabolic syndrome components: A cross-sectional study in Eastern India

Abstract

Background:Approximately 20%–25% of the world adult population and nearly 30% of Indians have metabolic syndrome disorder. Our objective was designed to find out the association between important nutrients and potential lifestyle risk factors such as diet, physical inactivity, and smoking and alcohol consumption with the number of metabolic syndrome components.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 205 patients of metabolic syndrome were enrolled for this study. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was done on the basis of National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (NCEP ATP III 2004). Dietary data were collected with the validated food frequency questionnaire and 24 h dietary recall method, and the nutrient intake was calculated with the specially designed software.Results:Unhealthy dietary habits were seen more among the participants who had more than 3 risk factors. Results showed the odds of taking >5 times junk foods was 3 times higher (odds ratio [OR]: 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61–5.47), and sweet dishes was 2.3 times higher (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.28–4.24) among the participants who had 4–5 risk factors. However, milk and dairy products > 4 servings/day (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.175–1.67) and pulses and legumes more than 2 servings/day (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.25–1.29) was protective against hypertension. Mean carbohydrate, saturated fat, and sodium intake was significantly higher in the participants who had 4–5 metabolic risk factors compared to 3 risk factors (P < 0.0001).Conclusions:It was concluded that low intake of fruits, vegetables, and higher intake of flesh food and inadequate physical activity significantly associated with the metabolic syndrome risk factors.

Genetic Variants of the PLCXD3 Gene Are Associated with Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in the Emirati Population

“…It is well established that MetS increase the risk for cardiovascular disease, T2D and other conditions include dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, excess body fat around the waist and high fasting plasma glucose [26][27][28]. MetS is ascribed to an interaction between genetic and environmental factors like obesity and lifestyle [29][30][31]. As the prevalence of MetS disease is expected to escalate globally, identification of genetic markers could be an early prediction to minimize the risk of MetS, T2D and cardiovascular diseases.…”

Thai CV risk score and primary prevention in impaired fasting plasma glucose or diabetes mellitus versus normoglycemia in patients with metabolic syndrome

“…In addition, lifestyle therapy such as diet and physical activity should be implemented since they simultaneously reduce all components of MetS. [ 24 ] A systematic review of implementing these practices should be conducted. Furthermore, studies in different levels of the healthcare setting and the attitude of healthcare professionals toward primary prevention of CVD are fruitful.…”

Metabolic Syndrome and Lifestyle

“…jogging, brisk walking, swimming, yoga, and bicycling) for 40-45 min at least 5 times in a week. In Conclusion, classic healthy lifestyle habits have proven results in reducing the risk of developing MetS [4,5].…”

“…They are also associated with a reduction in the risk of developing CVD. Dietary fiber intake, especially cereals and whole grains, can manage and control body weight, blood glucose, and lipid profile [4].…”