Association of lipid profile with serum PON1 concentration in patients with chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk of atherosclerotic events; dyslipoproteinemia and the decrease of the HDL-linked enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1), might have a major role. This study intends to compare the association between lipid profile and serum PON1 levels in renal failure (RF) and hemodialysis (HD) patients. Serum lipids, HDL-subclasses and PON1 concentration were evaluated in 90 patients with CKD, divided into groups: RF (n ¼ 46) and HD (n ¼ 44), and in 30 normal individuals (control group). The results showed that PON1 was significantly lower in HD patients than in RF and controls (p50.001). In RF patients under statin therapy, PON1 did not differ from that of patients without statins. In HD patients without statins, PON1 was considerably low, whereas in HD with statins (30.42 ± 12.62 mg/mL) was lower than RF with statins (49.31 ± 14.94, p50.001). PON1 concentration was significantly and positively associated with HDL-C, HDL3-C and Apo A1 in all groups. Additionally, in HD patients PON1 was negatively associated with LDL-C. Multiple regression analysis revealed that LDL-C and statin treatment were independently related to PON1 concentration in HD patients (b ¼ À0.331, p ¼ 0.026 and b ¼ 0.344, p ¼ 0.020, respectively). In RF patients, HDL3-C and Apo A1 are strong determinants of PON1 levels. It is concluded that different parameters of lipid profile seem to affect serum PON1 concentration of RF and HD patients and probably contribute to the delay of atherosclerosis.ARTICLE HISTORY

Serum Endocan Levels are Associated With Paraoxonase 1 Concentration in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

“…It was shown that although serum PON1 concentration is significantly reduced only in HD patients, PON3 is significantly elevated (about 2.7 times) in CKD and about four times in HD patients compared to the controls. Regarding PON1 concentration, similar low values were reported for pre‐dialysis and dialysis patients . There are limited data, however, about the concentration of PON3 in CKD.…”

“…Regarding paraoxonases, recent reports, however, show that statins and especially atorvastatin therapy increase serum HDL‐associated PON activity in patients with dyslipidemia . In the present study, the inclusion of statin‐treated patients was based on the results of our previous report , which showed that statin therapy marginally affects the concentration of PON1 in either CKD or HD patients. Finally, because of the observational nature of this study, the inferences about the relationship between endocan and PON1 levels have hypothetical cause‐effect character and additional markers of endothelial dysfunction could give a better insight about the role of paraoxonases on the prevention of atherosclerosis.…”

“…PON1 and PON3 are found on plasma HDL and are able to protect LDL against oxidation, thus contributing to the antiatherogenic properties of HDL . It has been recently shown that PON1 serum concentration is significantly decreased in CKD patients on hemodialysis (HD) and that low concentration of PON1 and not of PON or arylesterase enzymatic activity, may be an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in HD patients . Serum PON3 is found to be increased in patients with different manifestations of atherosclerosis, such as peripheral artery disease and coronary artery disease , and is suggested to be more potent than PON1 in protecting LDL against peroxidation.…”

“…The present study aimed to investigate the association of serum endocan levels with the atherogenic lipid profile of non‐dialyzed CKD patients and patients on HD. As known, this profile is mostly related to remarkably low serum levels of HDL‐C and high levels of triglycerides . We also sought to compare PON1 and PON3 levels in the abovementioned groups of patients and analyze the association of endocan with PONs levels.…”

The Changing Face of HDL and the Best Way to Measure It

“…PON1 activity is substantially lower in patients with CAD, ACS, CKD, and RA, whereas lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (LpPLA 2 ) activity is increased in CKD and psoriasis (89,137,160,165,(171)(172)(173)(174)(175). Dysregulating the activity of PON1 and LpPLA 2 in this fashion not only compromises the antioxidative activity of HDL, but also promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.…”