Association of Maternal Social Relationships With Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Shin, Eun Kyong; LeWinn, Kaja Z.; Bush, Nicole R.; Tylavsky, Frances A.; Davis, Robert L.; Shaban-Nejad, Arash

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.6963

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…Given the prevalence of social isolation in low-income populations, our results may not be translatable to caregivers who lack such a large or diverse social network to include as co-participants. 60 61 One ecological element that was not sufficiently emphasised in this intervention was the greater promotion and monitoring of home smoking bans. We provided handouts and briefly discussed the importance of home smoking bans at each study visit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomised pilot trial of cash incentives for reducing paediatric asthmatic tobacco smoke exposures from maternal caregivers and members of their social network

et al. 2020

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BackgroundThe primary aim was to evaluate the efficacy of financial incentives for reducing paediatric tobacco smoke exposures (TSEs) through motivating cigarette usage reduction among low-income maternal caregivers and members of their social network.DesignRandomised control pilot trial over a 6-month study follow-up time period. The study was undertaken from May 2017 to -May 2018. Once monthly follow-up visits occurred over the 6-month study period.SettingBaltimore City, Maryland, USA.ParticipantsWe grouped 135 participants into 45 triads (asthmatic child (2–12 years of age), maternal caregiver and social network member). Triads were assigned in a 1:1 allocation ratio. The maternal caregiver and social network members were active smokers and contributed to paediatric TSE.InterventionsTriads were randomised to receive either usual care (TSE education and quitline referrals) or usual care plus financial incentives. Cash incentives up to $1000 were earned by caregivers and designated social network participants. Incentives for either caregivers or social network participants were provided contingent on their individual reduction of tobacco usage measured by biomarkers of tobacco usage. Study visits occurred once a month during the 6-month trial.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measure was mean change in monthly paediatric cotinine levels over 6 months of follow-up interval and was analysed on an intention-to-treat basis.ResultsThe mean change in monthly child cotinine values was not significantly different in the intervention cohort over the 6-month follow-up period, compared with the control group (p=0.098, CI −0.16 to 1.89). Trends in child cotinine could not be ascribed to caregivers or social network members. Despite decreasing mean monthly cotinine values, neither the intervention cohort’s caregivers (difference in slope (control–intervention)=3.30 ng/mL/month, CI −7.72 to 1.13, p=0.144) or paired social network members (difference in slope (control–intervention)=−1.59 ng/mL/month, CI −3.57 to 6.74, p=0.546) had significantly different cotinine levels than counterparts in the control group.ConclusionsFinancial incentives directed at adult contributors to paediatric TSE did not decrease child cotinine levels.Trial registration numberNCT03099811.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomised pilot trial of cash incentives for reducing paediatric asthmatic tobacco smoke exposures from maternal caregivers and members of their social network

et al. 2020

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“…First, in generating the GPS, optimizing hyper-parameters (e.g., p-value cutoff or linkage disequilibrium criteria) may lead to an improved predictive power. On top of the genetic factors, future research should identify more environmental risk factors, e.g., extending to social factors 64 or sociomarkers 65 . Also, due to the difficulty in obtaining committed suicide as a outcome measure in preadolescent youth (e.g., less than 100 in the US 66 ), we alternatively used suicidal ideation and attempts as a proxy phenotype of suicidal behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide Polygenic Scores for Multiple Psychiatric and Common Traits Identify Preadolescent Youth with Risk for Suicide

Joo¹,

Moon²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Suicide is a leading cause of death in youth worldwide, but identifying which youth are at high risk for suicide remains challenging. We constructed genome-wide polygenic scores (GPSs) from 24 psychiatric disorders and common traits from 8,212 US preadolescent children ages 9 to 10 and investigated their associations and predictive utility with suicidality (suicidal ideation and attempt). We identified three GPSs significantly associated with youth suicidality: ADHD (P=2.83x10-4; odds ratio=1.12), general happiness with a belief that life is meaningful (P=1.30x10-3; odds ratio=0.89) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (P=1.81x10-3; odds ratio=1.14). We also found a significant gene-by-environment interaction such that the GPS of ASD in the context of early life stress substantially increased suicidal ideation (P=1.39x10-2, odds ratio=1.11). Machine learning models showed, in predicting suicidal ideation, a receiver operators characteristics-area under the curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.72, and, in suicidal attempts, a ROC-AUC of 0.765. By providing the first quantitative account of the polygenic and environmental factors of suicidality in a large, representative population of preadolescent youth, this study shows the potential utility of the GPSs in investigating youth suicidality for early screening, intervention, and prevention.

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“…Many factors including SDoH increase the burden of COVID-19 on particular groups of the population. In the current study, we proposed the development of UPHO, a web-based urban population health observatory that can help mitigate the disparities of the disease burden of COVID- 19…”

Section: Principal Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Urban Population Health Observatory System to Support COVID-19 Pandemic Preparedness, Response, and Management: Design and Development Study

Brakefield¹,

Ammar²,

Olusanya³

et al. 2021

JMIR Public Health Surveill

Self Cite

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Background COVID-19 is impacting people worldwide and is currently a leading cause of death in many countries. Underlying factors, including Social Determinants of Health (SDoH), could contribute to these statistics. Our prior work has explored associations between SDoH and several adverse health outcomes (eg, asthma and obesity). Our findings reinforce the emerging consensus that SDoH factors should be considered when implementing intelligent public health surveillance solutions to inform public health policies and interventions. Objective This study sought to redefine the Healthy People 2030’s SDoH taxonomy to accommodate the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we aim to provide a blueprint and implement a prototype for the Urban Population Health Observatory (UPHO), a web-based platform that integrates classified group-level SDoH indicators to individual- and aggregate-level population health data. Methods The process of building the UPHO involves collecting and integrating data from several sources, classifying the collected data into drivers and outcomes, incorporating data science techniques for calculating measurable indicators from the raw variables, and studying the extent to which interventions are identified or developed to mitigate drivers that lead to the undesired outcomes. Results We generated and classified the indicators of social determinants of health, which are linked to COVID-19. To display the functionalities of the UPHO platform, we presented a prototype design to demonstrate its features. We provided a use case scenario for 4 different users. Conclusions UPHO serves as an apparatus for implementing effective interventions and can be adopted as a global platform for chronic and infectious diseases. The UPHO surveillance platform provides a novel approach and novel insights into immediate and long-term health policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and other future public health crises. The UPHO assists public health organizations and policymakers in their efforts in reducing health disparities, achieving health equity, and improving urban population health.

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Association of Maternal Social Relationships With Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Abstract: This cohort study of mother-child pairs from Tennessee investigates whether variations in maternal social networks are associated with cognitive development in children.

Cited by 22 publications

References 70 publications

Randomised pilot trial of cash incentives for reducing paediatric asthmatic tobacco smoke exposures from maternal caregivers and members of their social network

Randomised pilot trial of cash incentives for reducing paediatric asthmatic tobacco smoke exposures from maternal caregivers and members of their social network

Genome-wide Polygenic Scores for Multiple Psychiatric and Common Traits Identify Preadolescent Youth with Risk for Suicide

An Urban Population Health Observatory System to Support COVID-19 Pandemic Preparedness, Response, and Management: Design and Development Study

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