Synopsis
Alopecia Areata (AA) is a recurrent autoimmune type of hair loss that affects about 5.3 million people in the United States alone. Despite being the most prevalent autoimmune disease, affecting more individuals than most other autoimmune diseases combined, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this complex disease are still poorly understood, and rational treatments are lacking. It is currently accepted that AA is an autoimmune disease that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals and that environmental factors play a role in the development and progression of the disease. However, further efforts are necessary to clearly pinpoint the causes and molecular pathways leading to this disease and, most importantly, to find evidence-based treatments to treat AA. Here, we will focus on the central role of genetics for gaining insight into disease pathogenesis and setting the stage for the rational development of novel effective therapeutic approaches. This is an exciting new era marking the beginning of translational research in AA based on genetic findings.