Association of mitochondrial function with feed efficiency within a single genetic line of male broilers

Bottje, Walter; Iqbal, Mohammad; Tang, Zhaoxin; Cawthon, D. L.; Okimoto, Ronald; Wing, T.; Cooper, Marcus P.

doi:10.1093/ps/81.4.546

Cited by 141 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The association between oxidative phosphorylation and animal performance found in our study is consistent with studies that compared the performances of beef cattle (Archer et al, 1999;CastroBulle et al, 2007) and poultry (Bottje et al 2002;Bottje and Carstens, 2009) with mitochondrial function. For instance, Bottje et al (2002) suggested that the differences in performance of genetically similar animals might be partially due to mitochondrial inefficiency, as the mitochondria are responsible for 90% of the cellular production of ATP.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of heat stress and feeding phosphorus levels on pig electron transport chain gene expression

Weller

Alebrante

Campos

et al. 2013

Animal

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and different levels of available phosphorus (aP) on the expression of nine genes encoding electron transport chain proteins in the Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of pigs. Two trials were carried out using 48 high-lean growth pigs from two different growth phases: from 15 to 30 kg (phase 1) and from 30 to 60 kg (phase 2). Pigs from growth phase 1 were fed with three different levels of dietary aP (0.107%, 0.321% or 0.535%) and submitted either to a thermoneutral (24°C and RH at 76%) or to a heat stress (34°C and RH at 70%) environment. Pigs from growth phase 2 were fed with three different levels of dietary aP (0.116%, 0.306% or 0.496%) and submitted either to a thermoneutral (22ºC and RH at 77%) or to a heat stress (32ºC and RH at 73%) environment. Heat stress decreased (P < 0.001) average daily feed i ntake at both growth phases. At 24°C, pigs in phase 1 fed the 0.321% aP diet had greater average daily gain and feed conversion (P < 0.05) than those fed the 0.107% or 0.535% while, at 34°C pigs fed the 0.535% aP had the best performance (P < 0.05). Pigs from phase 2 fed the 0.306% aP had best performance in both thermal environments. Gene expression profile was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Irrespective of growing phase, the expression of six genes was lower (P < 0.05) at high temperature than at thermoneutrality. The lower expression of these genes under high temperatures evidences the effects of heat stress by decreasing oxidative metabolism, through adaptive physiological mechanisms in order to reduce heat production. In pigs from phase 1, six genes were differentially expressed across aP levels (P < 0.05) in the thermoneutral and one gene in the heat stress. In pigs from phase 2, two genes were differentially expressed across aP levels (P < 0.05) in both thermal environments. These data revealed strong evidence that phosphorus and thermal environments are key factors to regulate oxidative phosphorylation with direct implications on animal performance.Keywords: nutrigenomics, oxidative phosphorylation, pig production, heat stress and animal production, phosphorous levels for pig nutrition ImplicationsData from this study are the first to reveal the effects of different available phosphorus (P) levels in Longissimus dorsi gene expression related to oxidative phosphorylation and its implications on pig performance. Moreover, this study showed the effects of high temperatures on the expression of these genes and how this may alter the physiological response to P. This information will contribute to better understand the role of P in energy metabolism and will bring new insights into the comprehension of the effects of high temperatures on nutritional requirements and mitochondrial function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of heat stress and feeding phosphorus levels on pig electron transport chain gene expression

Weller

Alebrante

Campos

et al. 2013

Animal

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“…Breast muscle mitochondria as well as gut, leg, heart, liver, and lymphocyte homogenates from low FE birds consistently exhibit a greater pervasive total protein carbonyl content compared with high FE birds (Bottje and Carstens, 2009). This supports previous observations of greater mitochondrial ROS production in low FE broilers (Bottje et al, 2002;Iqbal et al, 2004;OjanoDirain et al, 2005OjanoDirain et al, , 2007Lassiter et al, 2006) and in our high RFI pig lines (Grubbs et al, 2013a). This is further supported by low FE steers having greater neck muscle mitochondria protein carbonyl content (Sandelin, 2005).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

Evidence of decreased muscle protein turnover in gilts selected for low residual feed intake1

Cruzen

Harris

Hollinger

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of muscle protein turnover (synthesis and degradation) to the biological basis for genetic differences in finisher pigs selected for residual feed intake (RFI). Residual feed intake is defined as the difference between expected feed intake (based on the achieved rate of BW gain and backfat depth of individual pigs) and the observed feed intake of the individual pig. We hypothesized that protein turnover would be reduced in pigs selected for low RFI. Twelve gilts from a line selected for 7 generations for low RFI and 12 from a contemporary line selected for 2 generations for high RFI were paired by age and BW and fed a standard corn-soybean diet for 6 wk. Pigs were euthanized, muscle and liver samples were collected, and insulin signaling, protein synthesis, and protein degradation proteins were analyzed for expression and activities. Muscle from low RFI pigs tended to have less μ-and m-calpain activities (P = 0.10 and 0.09, respectively) and had significantly greater calpastatin activity and a decreased μ-calpain:calpastatin activity ratio (P < 0.05). Muscle from low RFI pigs had less 20S proteasome activity compared with their high RFI counterparts (P< 0.05). No differences in insulin signaling intermediates and translation initiation signaling proteins [mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway] were observed (P > 0.05). Postmortem proteolysis was determined in the LM from the eighth generation of the low RFI pigs versus their high RFI counterparts (n = 9 per line). Autolysis of μ-calpain was decreased in the low RFI pigs and less troponin-T degradation product was observed at 3 d postmortem (P < 0.05), indicating slowed postmortem proteolysis during aging in the low RFI pigs. These data provide significant evidence that less protein degradation occurs in pigs selected for reduced RFI, and this may account for a significant portion of the increased efficiency observed in these animals. KeywordsSwine Feed Efficiency, calpain, calpastatin, proteasome, protein synthesis, residual feed intake, swine ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of muscle protein turnover (synthesis and degradation) to the biological basis for genetic differences in finisher pigs selected for residual feed intake (RFI). Residual feed intake is defined as the difference between expected feed intake (based on the achieved rate of BW gain and backfat depth of individual pigs) and the observed feed intake of the individual pig. We hypothesized that protein turnover would be reduced in pigs selected for low RFI. Twelve gilts from a line selected for 7 generations for low RFI and 12 from a contemporary line selected for 2 generations for high RFI were paired by age and BW and fed a standard corn-soybean diet for 6 wk. Pigs were euthanized, muscle and liver samples were collected, and insulin signaling, protein synthesis, and protein degradation proteins were analyzed for expression and activities. Muscle from low RFI pigs tended to have less ...

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“…Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (RoS) production is closely associated with feed efficiency in pigs (Grubbs et al, 2013a) and poultry (Bottje et al, 2002). However, the cause of these differences has eluded researchers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver and skeletal muscle mitochondria proteomes are altered in pigs divergently selected for residual feed intake1,2

Grubbs

Huff-Lonergan

Gabler

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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Animals selected for residual feed intake (RFI) can be used as a model to elucidate molecular explanations for differences in growth efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which the protein profile and posttranslational modifications of mitochondria from skeletal muscle and liver relate to feed efficiency gains in pigs divergently selected for RFI. Mitochondria were isolated from the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle and the liver from pigs (n = 9 each for the high and low RFI line; BW = 95.8 kg). Mitochondria protein profile differences were determined using two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis. Proteins were identified using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In the line comparison, the β subunit of ATP synthase, heat shock protein (HSP) 60, and HSP70, were identified as being increased in mitochondria from the liver of the low RFI line (23 to 50%; P < 0.1). These differences were not observed in the other comparisons. In the LD, proteins identified as being different between RFI phenotypes included HSP70 and subunit 1 of the cytochrome bc1 complex. These data indicate that genetic selection for RFI tends to result in a consistent change in mitochondrial protein profile. In contrast, classification by phenotype demonstrates that phenotypic differences in RFI are not specifically associated with alterations of the mitochondria protein profile. ABSTRACT: Animals selected for residual feed intake (RFI) can be used as a model to elucidate molecular explanations for differences in growth efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which the protein profile and posttranslational modifications of mitochondria from skeletal muscle and liver relate to feed efficiency gains in pigs divergently selected for RFI. Mitochondria were isolated from the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle and the liver from pigs (n = 9 each for the high and low RFI line; BW = 95.8 kg). Mitochondria protein profile differences were determined using twodimensional difference in gel electrophoresis. Proteins were identified using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In the line comparison, the β subunit of ATP synthase, heat shock protein (HSP) 60, and HSP70, were identified as being increased in mitochondria from the liver of the low RFI line (23 to 50%; P < 0.1). These differences were not observed in the other comparisons. In the LD, proteins identified as being different between RFI phenotypes included HSP70 and subunit 1 of the cytochrome bc1 complex. These data indicate that genetic selection for RFI tends to result in a consistent change in mitochondrial protein profile. In contrast, classification by phenotype demonstrates that phenotypic differences in RFI are not specifically associated with alterations of the mitochondria protein profile.

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Association of mitochondrial function with feed efficiency within a single genetic line of male broilers

Cited by 141 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of heat stress and feeding phosphorus levels on pig electron transport chain gene expression

Effect of heat stress and feeding phosphorus levels on pig electron transport chain gene expression

Evidence of decreased muscle protein turnover in gilts selected for low residual feed intake1

Liver and skeletal muscle mitochondria proteomes are altered in pigs divergently selected for residual feed intake1,2

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