Association of non-tuberculous mycobacteria with Mycobacterium leprae in environment of leprosy endemic regions in India

Turankar, Ravindra P.; Singh, Vikram; Gupta, Hariom; Pathak, Vinay Kumar; Ahuja, Madhvi; Singh, Itu; Lavania, Mallika; Dinda, Amit Kumar; Sengupta, Utpal

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2018.11.010

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Standard decontamination methods for the processing samples of clinical material with NaOH and N -acetyl cysteine could not be used for highly contaminated samples due to the presence of certain environmental micro-organisms (i.e., sporogenic bacteria and moulds). According to previously published data [ 56 , 57 ], a combination of different chemical substances would be required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Mycobacteria from Heavily Contaminated Environmental Matrices

et al. 2021

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For epidemiology studies, a decontamination method using a solution containing 4.0% NaOH and 0.5% tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDAB) represents a relatively simple and universal procedure for processing heavily microbially contaminated matrices together with increase of mycobacteria yield and elimination of gross contamination. A contamination rate only averaging 7.3% (2.4% in Cluster S; 6.9%% in Cluster R and 12.6%% in Cluster E) was found in 787 examined environmental samples. Mycobacteria were cultured from 28.5% of 274 soil and water sediments samples (Cluster S), 60.2% of 251 samples of raw and processed peat and other horticultural substrates (Cluster R), and 29.4% of 262 faecal samples along with other samples of animal origin (Cluster E). A total of 38 species of slow and rapidly growing mycobacteria were isolated. M. avium ssp. hominissuis, M. fortuitum, and M. malmoense were the species most often isolated. The parameters for the quantitative detection of mycobacteria by PCR can be significantly refined by treating the sample suspension before DNA isolation with PMA (propidium monoazide) solution. This effectively eliminates DNA residue from both dead mycobacterial cells and potentially interfering DNA segments present from other microbial flora. In terms of human exposure risk assessment, the potential exposure to live non-tuberculous mycobacteria can be more accurately determined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Mycobacteria from Heavily Contaminated Environmental Matrices

et al. 2021

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“…Or colleagues, and 3 (42.85%) informants had no contact history with family or neighbours. (Turankar et al, 2019). Additional socioeconomic factors that reflect exposure to contact tangles and increased levels of deprivation, such as urbanization and household density, have also been associated with an increased risk of leprosy detection, (Pescarini et al, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Flow of Social Environmental Determinants of Disabilities on Lepers in Tuban City

Rockmawati,

Aris Santjaka,

Lagiono

et al. 2023

JPK

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Background: Leprosy is a neglected tropical disease considered rare in most areas despite having a relatively high incidence in some countries. Objective: Analyze the flow of determinants of the social environment that can affect the occurrence of disability in lepers and their impacts. Method: Research using a qualitative approach. The research was conducted in Tuban Regency, East Java Province. The informant selection technique uses a purposeful sampling technique. Data analysis uses triangulation techniques. Results: The frequency of leprosy in Tuban Regency tended to decrease from 2014-2019. Leprosy distribution occurred in 18 sub-districts; Lepers were found every month in 2019 with various characteristics of lepers that cause the emergence of leprosy and disability in leprosy. The total number of informants in this study was seven informants. Determinants of disability in lepers include informant characteristics and social environment, including knowledge, contact history, family support, self-confidence, and impact. Conclusion: In this study, the social environment that most impact the occurrence of disability in lepers is the informant knowledge factor. Informant knowledge is influenced by education, a large network of friends, and technological literacy. Education will show the type of informant work, and the type of work will determine the income of the informant; income determines economic status. Economic status contributes to food intake, medication seeking, and the home's physical condition. The duration of leprosy treatment will affect the worsening of the disability if good self-care is not carried out and always use PPE when doing activities.

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“…This infection seems to be restricted to certain geographic areas such as mainly Iran, Cuba, Israel and Arizona most probably due to common environmental factors including temperature and humidity [7,8] However M. simiae has also been isolated in in many distant countries as well [3]. In a recent study from India, M. simiae bacilli were closely associated with M.leprae and other pathogenic non-tuberculous mycobacteria in leprosy endemic area due to water and soil sources [9]. The infection is mostly seen in the elderly patients [3] and in patients with diabetes mellitus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) [10], cardiovascular disease, chronic lung diseases and malignancies [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disseminated Mycobacterium simiae infection in a patient with adult-onset immunodeficiency due to anti-interferon-gamma antibodies – a case report

et al. 2020

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Background: Mycobacterial species other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae are generally free-living organisms and Mycobacterium simiae is one of the slowest growing Non-tuberculous mycobacteria. This is the first case report of Mycobacterium simiae infection in Sri Lanka and only very few cases with extrapulmonary manifestation reported in the literature. Case presentation: A 24-year-old, previously healthy Sri Lankan male presented with generalized lymphadenopathy with discharging sinuses, evening pyrexia, weight loss, poor appetite and splenomegaly. Lymph node biopsies showed sheets of macrophages packed with organisms in the absence of granulomata. Ziehl Neelsen, Wade Fite and Giemsa stains revealed numerous red coloured acid-fast bacilli within foamy histiocytes. Slit skin smear for leprosy was negative and tuberculosis, fungal and bacterial cultures of the lymph node and bone marrow did not reveal any growth. Later he developed watery diarrhea and colonoscopy revealed multiple small polyps and ulcers throughout the colon extending up to the ileum, Which was confirmed to be due to cytomegalovirus confirmed by PCR and successfully treated with ganciclovir. Positron emission tomography scan guided biopsies of the gut and lymph nodes confirmed presence of mycobacterial spindle cell pseudo-tumours and PCR assays revealed positive HSP65. The culture grew Mycobacterium Simiae. Flow cytometry analysis on patient's blood showed extremely low T and B cell counts and immunofixation revealed low immunoglobulin levels. His condition was later diagnosed as adult onset immunodeficiency due to anti-interferongamma autoantibodies. He was initially commenced on empirical anti-TB treatment with atypical mycobacterial coverage. He is currently on a combination of daily clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, linezolid with monthly 2 g/kg/intravenous immunoglobulin to which, he had a remarkable clinical response with complete resolution of lymphadenopathy and healing of sinuses. Conclusions: This infection is considered to be restricted to certain geographic areas such as mainly Iran, Cuba, Israel and Arizona and this is the first case report from Sri lanka. Even though the infection is mostly seen in the elderly patients, our patient was only 24 years old. In the literature pulmonary involvement was common presentation, but in this case the patient had generalized lymphadenopathy and colonic involvement without pulmonary involvement.

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Association of non-tuberculous mycobacteria with Mycobacterium leprae in environment of leprosy endemic regions in India

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Recovery of Mycobacteria from Heavily Contaminated Environmental Matrices

Recovery of Mycobacteria from Heavily Contaminated Environmental Matrices

The Flow of Social Environmental Determinants of Disabilities on Lepers in Tuban City

Disseminated Mycobacterium simiae infection in a patient with adult-onset immunodeficiency due to anti-interferon-gamma antibodies – a case report

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