Association of obesity with serum estrogen level in postmenopausal women

Abstract

Abstract

Habitual Combined Exercise Protects against Age-Associated Decline in Vascular Function and Lipid Profiles in Elderly Postmenopausal Women

“…Although we have previously demonstrated that 12 weeks of CRAE training and 12 weeks of resistance band-based training improves levels of estrogen in postmenopausal women [17,18], to our knowledge, it has not been documented how habitual CRAE training may impact estrogen levels in postmenopausal populations. Estrogen levels may be important to assess this in future studies of this type, since estrogen deficiency is thought to contribute to vascular dysfunction and hypertension in this population [9,12].…”

“…Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are thought to precede CVD manifestation and have been reported to be independent predictors of cardiovascular event occurrence [10,11]. This vascular dysfunction and other risk factors, such as elevated BP, are thought to be partially attributed to estrogen deficiency, which may therefore put postmenopausal women at a higher risk for CVD manifestation [9,12]. These risk factors, if left alone, could contribute to a lower quality of life and ultimately increase the potential of CVD development and mortality in postmenopausal women.…”

Protective roles of estradiol against vascular oxidative stress in ovariectomized female rats exposed to normoxia or intermittent hypoxia

“…The effect of E 2 against hypertension during CIH exposure was apparently related to an attenuation of peripheral chemoreceptor activity, suggesting that E 2 likely reduces the activation of the sympathetic system during CIH exposure. On the other hand, it is well known that E 2 regulates the vascular tone, reduces the synthesis and release of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) from endothelial cells and increases nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidant enzymes synthesis, thereby contributing to key differences in cardiovascular health between pre‐ and postmenopausal women …”

Association of Coffee Consumption and Its Types According to Addition of Sugar and Creamer with Metabolic Syndrome Incidence in a Korean Population from the Health Examinees (HEXA) Study

“…Oxidative stress is an important mechanism of cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerosis, and is associated with differences in sex [ 51 ]. Yeasmin et al suggested that lower estrogen levels could cause hypertension in postmenopausal women [ 52 ]; moreover, regular coffee consumption may be harmful to hypertension-prone individuals [ 53 ]. Approximately half (51.68%) of the female participants in our study were postmenopausal.…”