Association of Overall Opioid Prescriptions on Adolescent Opioid Abuse

Sheridan, David C.; Laurie, Amber; Hendrickson, Robert G.; Fu, Rongwei; Kea, Bory; Horowitz, B. Zane

doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.06.049

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…[5][6][7] There is a legitimate concern that the high prevalence of PDM places many adolescents and young adults at great risk for developing substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms and other adverse outcomes. [8][9][10] Based on the high addiction potential associated with PDM, adolescents and young adults may not mature out of PDM in the same way that they mature out of other experimental substance use. 11 Below, we briefly highlight the most commonly misused prescription medication classes: prescription opioids, stimulants, and sedatives/tranquilizers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of prescription drug misuse during the transition from late adolescence into adulthood in the USA: a national longitudinal multicohort study

McCabe

Veliz

Dickinson

et al. 2019

The Lancet Psychiatry

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Background: Prescription drug misuse (PDM) is most prevalent during young adulthood. We aimed to identify PDM trajectories for three classes (opioids, stimulants, sedatives/tranquilizers) from adolescence into adulthood, assess the extent to which different trajectories are associated with substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms, and identity factors associated with high-risk PDM trajectories. Methods: Nationally representative probability samples of 51,223 U.S. adolescents were followed longitudinally across eight waves from age 18 (cohorts 1976-1996) to age 35. Data were collected via self-administered paper questionnaires.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of prescription drug misuse during the transition from late adolescence into adulthood in the USA: a national longitudinal multicohort study

McCabe

Veliz

Dickinson

et al. 2019

The Lancet Psychiatry

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“…Opioid use has become a healthcare epidemic in United States with increasing prescription rates in the recent years, and over 3% of the adults are now chronically using opioids[ 1 - 3 ]. In 2013, the overall cost burden from opioids in United States was estimated to be $78.5 billion[ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic opioids in gastroparesis: Relationship with gastrointestinal symptoms, healthcare utilization and employment

Jehangir

Parkman

2017

WJG

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AIMTo examine the relationship of chronic scheduled opioid use on symptoms, healthcare utilization and employment in gastroparesis (Gp) patients.METHODSPatients referred to our tertiary care academic center from May 2016 to July 2017, with established diagnosis or symptoms suggestive of Gp filled out the Patient Assessment of Upper GI Symptoms, abdominal pain and demographics questionnaires, and underwent gastric emptying and blood tests. They were asked about taking pain medicines and the types, doses, and duration. We used Mann Whitney U test, Analysis of Variance, Student’s t test and χ2 tests where appropriate for data analyses.RESULTSOf 223 patients with delayed gastric emptying, 158 (70.9%) patients were not taking opioids (GpNO), 22 (9.9%) were taking opioids only as needed, while 43 (19.3%) were on chronic (> 1 mo) scheduled opioids (GpCO), of which 18 were taking opioids for reasons that included gastroparesis and/or stomach pain. Median morphine equivalent use was 60 mg per day. GpCO reported higher severities of many gastrointestinal symptoms compared to GpNO including nausea (mean ± SE of mean of 4.09 ± 0.12 vs 3.41 ± 0.12, P = 0.011), retching (2.86 ± 0.25 vs 1.98 ± 0.14, P = 0.003), vomiting (2.93 ± 0.24 vs 2.07 ± 0.15, P = 0.011), early satiety (4.17 ± 0.19 vs 3.57 ± 0.12, P = 0.004), post-prandial fullness (4.14 ± 0.18 vs 3.63 ± 0.11, P = 0.022), loss of appetite (3.64 ± 0.21 vs 3.04 ± 0.13, P = 0.039), upper abdominal pain (3.86 ± 0.20 vs 2.93 ± 0.13, P = 0.001), upper abdominal discomfort (3.74 ± 0.19 vs 3.09 ± 0.13, P = 0.031), heartburn during day (2.55 ± 0.27 vs 1.89 ± 0.13, P = 0.032), heartburn on lying down (2.76 ± 0.28 vs 1.94 ± 0.14, P = 0.008), chest discomfort during day (2.42 ± 0.20 vs 1.83 ± 0.12, P = 0.018), chest discomfort at night (2.40 ± 0.23 vs 1.61 ± 0.13, P = 0.003), regurgitation/reflux during day (2.77 ± 0.25 vs 2.18 ± 0.13, P = 0.040) and bitter/acid/sour taste in the mouth (2.79 ± 0.27 vs 2.11 ± 0.14, P = 0.028). GpCO had a longer duration of nausea per day (median of 7 h vs 4 h for GpNO, P = 0.037), and a higher number of vomiting episodes per day (median of 3 vs 2 for GpNO, P = 0.002). Their abdominal pain more frequently woke them up at night (78.1% vs 57.3%, P = 0.031). They had a lower employment rate (33.3% vs 54.2%, P = 0.016) and amongst those who were employed less number of working hours per week (median of 23 vs 40, P = 0.005). They reported higher number of hospitalizations in the last 1 year (mean ± SE of mean of 2.90 ± 0.77 vs 1.26 ± 0.23, P = 0.047).CONCLUSIONGpCO had a higher severity of many gastrointestinal symptoms, compared to GpNO. Hospitalization rates were more than 2-fold higher in GpCO than GpNO. GpCO also had lower employment rate and working hours, when compared to GpNO.

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Between 2005 and 2010, there were 4,186 calls made to poison control centers for adolescent OM (Sheridan et al, 2016). With this upswing in calls to poison control centers, and even more adolescent opioid-related emergencies going unreported, it is imperative that adolescents are considered when addressing the opioid crisis (Sheridan et al, 2016). In a

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confidence: 99%