Association of Physical Activity With Vascular Endothelial Function and Intima-Media Thickness

Pahkala, Katja; Heinonen, Olli J.; Simell, Olli; Viikari, Jorma; Rönnemaa, Tapani; Niinikoski, Harri; Raitakari, Olli T.

doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.043851

Cited by 133 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Physical activity has been related to decreased progression of arterial IMT during adolescence, independent of inflammation. 8 Recent data have shown that xxx Q12 results in greater nitric oxide release because of wall shear stress and stimulates arteriogenesis and endothelial repair. 26 This protective effect of exercise on vascular structure may be boosted by maturational events, because it seems to be maintained into later life independent of patterns of physical activity in adulthood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 Its prolonged practice has been linked to the control the progression of intima-media thickness (IMT) in hypertensive adults 6 and also in healthy adolescents. 7,8 Recently, studies have reported that behavioral variables can modulate the relationship between the progression of artery IMT and its risk factors. 9,10 For instance, smoking exacerbates the relationship between age and the metabolic syndrome components and age and carotid IMT (cIMT) in young adults.…”

Section: Q5mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mediating Role of Physical Inactivity on the Relationship between Inflammation and Artery Thickness in Prepubertal Adolescents

Cayres

Lira

Machado‐Rodrigues

et al. 2015

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Objective To analyze the relationship between inflammatory markers and the lipid profile, blood flow, and artery structure in prepubertal adolescents stratified according to sports practice. Study designThe sample was composed of 120 adolescents (57 boys and 63 girls) with a mean age of 11.7 AE 0.7 years (ranging from 11 to 13 years). Intima-media thickness (IMT) and blood flow were measured with ultrasonography. The lipid profile and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were measured after the subjects had fasted for 12 hours overnight. Trunk fatness was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Organized sports participation was analyzed as a categorical variable. Biological maturation was determined via the age at peak height velocity.Results In the adjusted model, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was significantly related to high-density lipopro- H igh-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is an acute-phase protein produced by the liver in response to interleukin-6, which is directly related to vascular inflammation.1,2 During the atherosclerotic process, hsCRP is associated with greater permeability of the intima layer through stimuli of intercellular/vascular cell adhesion molecules. hsCRP also acts in processes related to oxidation of lipoproteins in the vascular wall.2,3 Strategies to counteract inflammation status commonly include both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies. In the latter, lifestyle changes frequently are used, especially improved diet, giving up smoking, and practicing physical exercise. 4 Q5Indeed, physical exercise at moderate intensity plays an anti-inflammatory role. 4,5 Its prolonged practice has been linked to the control the progression of intima-media thickness (IMT) in hypertensive adults 6 and also in healthy adolescents. 7,8Recently, studies have reported that behavioral variables can modulate the relationship between the progression of artery IMT and its risk factors.9,10 For instance, smoking exacerbates the relationship between age and the metabolic syndrome components and age and carotid IMT (cIMT) in young adults. 10 In contrast, the same harmful effect related to age has been observed relating to physical inactivity.9 However, physical inactivity seems to exacerbate the relationship between cIMT Q6and overweight, blood pressure, and dyslipidemia in adults. 9The objective of the present study was to analyze the relationship between hsCRP and the lipid profile, blood flow, and artery IMT in prepubertal adolescents who were stratified according to their engagement in sports practice. It was hypothesized that inflammation would be positively and strongly related to cardiovascular/metabolic outcomes in inactive youth compared with the active ones, independent of body fatness and biological maturation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Q5mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mediating Role of Physical Inactivity on the Relationship between Inflammation and Artery Thickness in Prepubertal Adolescents

Cayres

Lira

Machado‐Rodrigues

et al. 2015

The Journal of Pediatrics

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“…22,23) Moreover, walking is the preferred physical activity at home after hospital discharge for elderly patients because it requires no special exercise equipment. Increased time spent in moderate-intensity physical activity is associated with increased high-density lipoprotein levels, 24) lower levels of inflammatory markers (eg, tumor necrosis factor alpha, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6), 25) increased vascular endothelial function, 26) and decreased progression of intima-media thickness. 26) Collectively, improved walking speed during hospitalization might lead to the maintenance of a fast walking speed in activities of daily living after hospital discharge, which might induce a cycle of increased physical activity that has a direct effect on cardiac events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Balance Training on Walking Speed and Cardiac Events in Elderly Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease

et al. 2014

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SummaryThe purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of standing balance training on walking speed (short-term outcome) and cardiac events (long-term outcome) in elderly ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients. This was a retrospective cohort study. Ninety-two elderly (≥ 65 years) IHD patients who underwent an inpatient cardiac rehabilitation program were assigned to two groups: a balance group that received standing balance training in addition to conventional (aerobic and resistance) training and a conventional group. Standing balance was assessed by one-leg standing time and a postural stability index reflecting dynamic balance, and normal walking speed was measured at baseline and hospital discharge. Patients were followed for up to 3 years or until a cardiac event occurred. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between the groups. Both groups showed a significant change in normal walking speed from baseline to hospital discharge (P < 0.001, respectively), and normal walking speed was significantly higher in the balance group compared to the conventional group (P = 0.001). The postural stability index improved significantly only in the balance group (P = 0.005). Multivariable analyses using Cox proportional hazards model confirmed that standing balance training (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.408; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.162-1.029; P = 0.058) and fast walking speed (HR: 0.362; 95% CI: 0.137-0.957; P = 0.041) were associated with cardiac events. These findings show that standing balance training improves walking speed and reduces cardiac events, and suggests that such training can be an effective intervention for elderly IHD patients. (Int Heart J 2014; 55: 397-403) Key words: Coronary artery disease, Standing balance, Aging, Secondary prevention, Cardiac rehabilitation D ecreased walking speed in elderly people is closely related to physical inactivity, difficulty performing physical activities of daily living, and health-related events.1-3) A 3-year prospective cohort study showed that wellfunctioning elderly people with a slow walking speed (≤ 90 m/ minute for men and ≤ 81 m/minute for women) have an almost 3-fold higher risk of cardiovascular mortality compared to those with a fast walking speed (> 111 m/minute for men and > 90 m/minute for women).3) Therefore, walking speed is considered a valuable parameter for assessing lower extremity functional status and prognoses such as disability, institutionalization, and/or mortality after adverse health-related events in community-dwelling elderly.In the clinical setting, walking speed tests at maximal or normal pace over 6 or 10 meters are also quick, safe, inexpensive, and reliable assessment tools. Ostir, et al 4) reported that cardiac patients have approximately a 5-to 8-fold greater degree of deterioration in lower extremity performance, including walking during hospitalization, compared to well-functioning elderly people. Moreover, clinical data 5) at hospital discharge reveal that walking speed in patients with acute m...

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“…Prospective observational studies have demonstrated an association between reduced carotid and aortic IMT and increased leisure physical activity 18 and aerobic fitness, 19 respectively, in healthy Finnish adolescents. Our data corroborate the findings of an intervention study involving obese children, in which a reduction in CCA-IMT was observed after 12 weeks of exercise, even in the absence of significant changes in C-reactive protein or triglyceride levels.…”

Section: 1517mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Improves Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Fitness, and Quality Of Life in Hiv+ Children and Adolescents: Pilot Study

Lima

Back

Beck

et al. 2017

International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences

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Children and adolescents infected by HIV through mother-to-child transmission are at high risk of developing premature cardiovascular diseases due to dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and low-grade chronic inflammation. The aim of the pilot study was to verify the effect of a playful exercise program on cardiovascular, morphological, metabolic, fitness, and quality of life outcomes. A non-randomized clinical trial consisting of 24 sessions of playful aerobic and resistive exercises was applied to 10 children and adolescents living with HIV from Florianopolis, Brazil. The following variables were obtained before and after the program: fasting total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides, glucose, C-reactive protein, blood pressure, common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT), flexibility, muscular endurance, aerobic fitness, anthropometry, and measured quality of life. After the intervention, a decrease in systolic blood pressure (-6.8 mmHg, 6.6%; p = 0.019) and CCA-IMT (-60.0 µm, 12.2%; p = 0.002) was observed after 24 sessions. There was an increase in upper-limb muscular endurance (+3.3 rep.min -1 , 63.5%; p = 0.002), flexibility (+5.7 cm, 26.0%; p = 0.001), and quality of life (+10.4 points, 27.5%; p = 0.003). In our sample of children and adolescents living with HIV, a short-term exercise program was associated with improvement in cardiovascular risk, fitness, and quality of life.

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Association of Physical Activity With Vascular Endothelial Function and Intima-Media Thickness

Cited by 133 publications

References 49 publications

The Mediating Role of Physical Inactivity on the Relationship between Inflammation and Artery Thickness in Prepubertal Adolescents

The Mediating Role of Physical Inactivity on the Relationship between Inflammation and Artery Thickness in Prepubertal Adolescents

Effect of Balance Training on Walking Speed and Cardiac Events in Elderly Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease

Exercise Improves Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Fitness, and Quality Of Life in Hiv+ Children and Adolescents: Pilot Study

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