Association of phytoplasmas with a chestnut yellows in Italy

Ferrari, Dario; Contaldo, Nicoletta; Bertaccini, Assunta

doi:10.5958/2249-4677.2018.00009.9

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…P. castaneae’, were reported (Han & Cha, 2001; Jung et al, 2012). The first detection of phytoplasmas groups 16SrI and 16SrXII‐A was described in Italy from European chestnut trees ( Castanea sativa Mill) in 2018 (Ferrari et al, 2018). In a sampling of different tree species in Lithuania, Quercus robur L. trees were found to be infected with phytoplasma of group 16SrI‐M (Valiunas, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological characterization of a disease associated with phytoplasmas in Andean oak, Quercus humboldtii Bonpland, in Bogotá—Colombia

2022

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Quercus humboldtii is the dominant tree species in oak forest ecosystems in the Colombian Andes, and approximately 15,000 trees have been planted in urban Bogotá. In Bogotá, Q. humboldtii is affected by phytoplasmas. The management of phytoplasmas relies mainly on control of the insect vectors. The aim of this work was to generate information on phytoplasmas affecting Q. humboldtii and the potential insect vectors involved. Phytoplasmas were detected by nested PCR and identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism or sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene in 238 randomly selected urban trees, from 17 city zones. The prevalence of the disease was 80%, with phytoplasmas detected in 94% of trees. ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma fraxini’ was found in 54.6%, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ in 30.7% and mixed infections of both phytoplasmas in 8.8% of the trees. Phytoplasmas were observed in the phloem of infected trees by electron microscopy. ‘Ca. P. fraxini’ was more common than ‘Ca. P. asteris’ in both street and parks trees, but correlations between the phytoplasma and disease‐associated variables were not observed. The entomofauna of a subsample of 102 of these trees was examined. Representative specimens of seven orders were collected, with Hemiptera the most prevalent. Specimens of 17 Cicadellidae, one Membracidae and one Psyllidae species were collected. Cicadellidae species from subfamilies Aphrodinae, Deltocephalinae, Iassinae, Eurymelinae, Megophthalminae and Typhlocybinae were found, in which phytoplasma vectors have been reported previously. Specimens of two known Cicadellidae vector species were collected: Amplicephalus funzaensis (Deltochephalinae) and Exitianus atratus (Deltochephalinae). Phytoplasmas were assessed in 103 Cicadellidae specimens. ‘Candidatus P. asteris’ was detected in A. funzaensis (n = 3/16 tested), E. atratus (n = 2/10 tested) and Alebrini sp. 1 (n = 1/11) tested). The possible epidemiological implications of these findings are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological characterization of a disease associated with phytoplasmas in Andean oak, Quercus humboldtii Bonpland, in Bogotá—Colombia

2022

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“…The two kinds of symptoms described in this study could have a larger distribution and could also be present in other chestnut woods, allowing them to remain unnoticed. In the past, anomalies defined as "chestnut yellows" were reported in the literature and were putatively associated with phytoplasma [15][16][17][35][36][37][38][39]. On the other hand, the symptomatology of "chestnut mosaic" was associated with a virus [20,21,37,40,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Symptoms in Castanea sativa Stands in Italy: Chestnut Mosaic Virus and Nutrient Deficiency

Murolo

Bertoldi

Pedrazzoli

et al. 2022

Forests

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The European chestnut characterizes both the landscape and economy of mountainous Italian areas. In recent years, new canopy disorders have been reported: “chestnut yellows”, often ascribed to phytoplasma and/or nutrient deficiency, and “chestnut mosaic”, associated with a virus (ChMV). Therefore, research was carried out in four Italian regions to describe the two symptomatic frames and assess their etiology. Surveys were conducted on 101 chestnut trees (23 with mosaic, 38 with yellowing, and 40 without symptoms). The phytosanitary status was monitored, and the new canopy disorders were detected, distinguishing between yellowing and mosaic. Moreover, leaf samples were collected for molecular and nutrient analyses. No phytoplasma infection was recorded, while ChMV was detected in 91.3% of samples with mosaic symptoms, 31.6% of yellowing samples, and 30.0% of asymptomatic samples. Yellowing was associated with Mn deficiency. On the other hand, ChMV-infected and healthy leaves had similar mineral contents, showing that mosaic symptoms are induced by the virus. Both disorders negatively affected photosynthesis efficiency. These phytosanitary problems are present in Italian chestnut woods and cause local effects, and a relationship with other biotic and abiotic factors can be hypothesized. Considering the increase in new records, these symptoms represent an emerging issue whose impact and spread need to be further monitored.

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Chinese chestnut yellow crinkle disease influence microbiota composition of chestnut trees

Ren

Dong

Shi

et al. 2021

Microbial Pathogenesis

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Association of phytoplasmas with a chestnut yellows in Italy

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Epidemiological characterization of a disease associated with phytoplasmas in Andean oak, Quercus humboldtii Bonpland, in Bogotá—Colombia

Epidemiological characterization of a disease associated with phytoplasmas in Andean oak, Quercus humboldtii Bonpland, in Bogotá—Colombia

New Symptoms in Castanea sativa Stands in Italy: Chestnut Mosaic Virus and Nutrient Deficiency

Chinese chestnut yellow crinkle disease influence microbiota composition of chestnut trees

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