Association of the physical and chemical properties and the cytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles: metal ion release, adsorption ability and specific surface area

Abstract

Association of cellular influences and physical and chemical properties were examined for 24 kinds of industrial metal oxide nanoparticles: ZnO, CuO, NiO, Sb(2)O(3), CoO, MoO(3), Y(2)O(3), MgO, Gd(2)O(3), SnO(2), WO(3), ZrO(2), Fe(2)O(3), TiO(2), CeO(2), Al(2)O(3), Bi(2)O(3), La(2)O(3), ITO, and cobalt blue pigments. We prepared a stable medium dispersion for each nanoparticle and examined the influence on cell viability and oxidative stress together with physical and chemical characterizations. ZnO, CuO, NiO, MgO, and WO(3) showed a large amount of metal ion release in the culture medium. The cellular influences of these soluble nanoparticles were larger than insoluble nanoparticles. TiO(2), SnO(2), and CeO(2) nanoparticles showed strong protein adsorption ability; however, cellular influences of these nanoparticles were small. The primary particle size and the specific surface area seemed unrelated to cellular influences. Cellular influences of metal oxide nanoparticles depended on the kind and concentrations of released metals in the solution. For insoluble nanoparticles, the adsorption property was involved in cellular influences. The primary particle size and specific surface area of metal oxide nanoparticles did not affect directly cellular influences. In conclusion the most important cytotoxic factor of metal oxide nanoparticles was metal ion release.

Metal Ion Release of Manufactured Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Is Involved in the Allergic Response to Inhaled Ovalbumin in Mice

“…Moreover, the allergy aggravation effects of various metal oxide nanoparticles (ZnO, CuO, and MgO) and Ca-CO 3 were examined. All nanoparticles employed in this study dissolved in culture medium [7] [21]. Among the manufactured nanoparticles, ZnO and NiO showed the strongest allergy aggravation effect.…”

“…On the contrary, ZnO, NiO, and CuO nanoparticles have demonstrated toxicity in cultured cells and animals [4]- [6]. Further, the physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles can influence the toxicity [7] [8]. In many cases, "toxicity" of manufactured nanoparticles is described as cytotoxicity (decrease of cell viability and cell membrane damage), induction of oxidative stress, induction of inflammation, and carcinogenicity.…”

“…NiO nanoparticles have demonstrated severe cytotoxicity on human lung carcinoma A549 cells and human keratinocyte HaCaT cells [10]. CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanoparticles have also shown cytotoxic activity [7] [11]. In addition, these soluble nanoparticles have shown other toxic activity in vivo, such as induction of inflammation [12] [13].…”

Toxicity Associated with the Photo Catalytic and Photo Stable Forms of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Used in Sunscreen lotion

“…[156][157][158] When dispersed in culture medium, some metal oxide nanoparticles can absorb proteins such as serum albumin, in a manner referred to as a "protein corona". [159][160][161] Moreover, the pre-treatment of TiO 2 particles at pH 7 with divalent ions such as Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ increased the adsorption significantly. 162 The possible explanation could be the presence a negative charge on serum albumin at a neutral pH 163 and the presence of a calcium binding site, with the albumin bound to TiO 2 through Ca…”

New findings about iron oxide nanoparticles and their different effects on murine primary brain cells

“…[26][27][28] Indeed, larger hydrodynamic diameters and larger surfaces with high surface-to-volume ratios cause increased reactivity of SPIOs with surrounding tissue or hamper cellular particle uptake, which is favored for MRI of certain cell types or targets. [29][30][31] Fundamental for inducing cytotoxicity is the process of nanoparticle degradation. The release of free iron ions affects distinct subcellular processes -eg, it can enforce mitochondrial dysfunction through the production of reactive oxygen species -but can also promote neurite outgrowth under stimulus conditions.…”