Association of Trypanosoma theileri with peritonitis in a pregnant cross-bred cow: a case report

Sood, N K; Singla, L. D.; Singh, Rameshwar; Uppal, S. K.

doi:10.17221/1580-vetmed

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Infection with T. theileri usually does not cause clinical signs [27,29,30] and in most cases is an incidental finding. However, there have been occasional reports of infected cattle with fever, anaemia, petechia of the mucous membranes, tachycardia and tachypnoea [31][32][33] and sporadic reports of peritonitis [34], arthritis [35] and meningoencephalitis [36]. In many parts of the world, T. theileri has a prevalence of up to 80% in the cattle population and in the European Union the parasite has been reported in many countries, including Germany [27,28,32,[37][38][39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malnutrition as the cause of recumbency in suckler cows associated with Trypanosoma theileri infection

Bittner

Krämer²,

Wöckel

et al. 2021

Acta Vet Scand

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Background Recumbent cows are a diagnostic challenge because of a wide range of differential diagnoses, which include trauma, neurological and metabolic disorders, malnutrition and mineral deficiencies. This case report describes recumbent suckler cows that presented as a herd problem. In addition to weakness due to inanition, Cu and Se deficiencies were considered as possible aetiologies of the recumbency. Furthermore, Trypanosoma (T.) theileri, a blood parasite of unknown importance in Germany, was detected in the blood of some cows. Case presentation Three recumbent cows were referred to the Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Leipzig. They were unable to rise and had low body condition scores and rough hair coats. Haematological and serum biochemical analyses showed neutrophilia, electrolyte imbalances, increased activities of muscle and liver enzymes and decreased concentrations of trace elements, especially Copper (Cu) and Selenium (Se). T. theileri was detected in a routine blood smear from one cow. The cows did not respond to an intensive care protocol, which included intravenous fluids and electrolytes, mineral substitution, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and antibiotics, and were therefore euthanized or died. Postmortem examination showed cachexia, subcutaneous and scleral oedema and muscular dystrophy, especially in the hind limbs. Follow-up examination of the herd of origin produced similar findings including the detection of T. theileri in a large proportion of the herd. Ration analysis revealed considerable undersupply of several nutrients. Conclusions Based on all findings, an aetiological diagnosis of trace mineral and nutrient deficiency with possible involvement of T. theileri was made.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malnutrition as the cause of recumbency in suckler cows associated with Trypanosoma theileri infection

Bittner

Krämer²,

Wöckel

et al. 2021

Acta Vet Scand

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“…Additional to T. congolense, T. theileri was also found in tabanids in all the species screened except for A. africana, which is not an indication that this species cannot harbor trypanosomes as Firmino et al [106] detected trypanosome sequences in A. africana flies captured in Ethiopia. Trypanosoma theileri is a stercorarian, non-pathogenic trypanosome transmitted to cattle by tabanids, where it undergoes a developmental cycle [107,108], and highly prevalent around the globe [109][110][111][112].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the relative roles of the Tabanidae and Glossinidae in the transmission of trypanosomosis in drug resistance hotspots in Mozambique

et al. 2020

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Background: Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) and tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) are haematophagous insects of medical and veterinary importance due to their respective role in the biological and mechanical transmission of trypanosomes. Few studies on the distribution and relative abundance of both families have been conducted in Mozambique since the country's independence. Despite Nicoadala, Mozambique, being a multiple trypanocidal drug resistance hotspot no information regarding the distribution, seasonality or infection rates of fly-vectors are available. This is, however, crucial to understanding the epidemiology of trypanosomosis and to refine vector management. Methods: For 365 days, 55 traps (20 NGU traps, 20 horizontal traps and 15 Epsilon traps) were deployed in three grazing areas of Nicoadala District: Namitangurine (25 traps); Zalala (15 traps); and Botao (15 traps). Flies were collected weekly and preserved in 70% ethanol. Identification using morphological keys was followed by molecular confirmation using cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. Trap efficiency, species distribution and seasonal abundance were also assessed. To determine trypanosome infection rates, DNA was extracted from the captured flies, and submitted to 18S PCR-RFLP screening for the detection of Trypanosoma. Results: In total, 4379 tabanids (of 10 species) and 24 tsetse flies (of 3 species), were caught. NGU traps were more effective in capturing both the Tabanidae and Glossinidae. Higher abundance and species diversity were observed in Namitangurine followed by Zalala and Botao. Tabanid abundance was approximately double during the rainy season compared to the dry season. Trypanosoma congolense and T. theileri were detected in the flies with overall infection rates of 75% for tsetse flies and 13% for tabanids. Atylotus agrestis had the highest infection rate of the tabanid species. The only pathogenic trypanosome detected was T. congolense. Conclusions: Despite the low numbers of tsetse flies captured, it can be assumed that they are still the cyclical vectors of trypanosomosis in the area. However, the high numbers of tabanids captured, associated to their demonstrated capacity of transmitting trypanosomes mechanically, suggest an important role in the epidemiology of trypanosomosis in the Nicoadala district. These results on the composition of tsetse and tabanid populations as well as the observed infection rates, should be considered when defining strategies to control the disease.

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“…In India, T. evansi is the commonest and the most prevalent trypanosome of livestock, although isolated cases of Trypanosoma theileri have also been encountered (Sood et al 2011). The organism is transmitted mechanically by tabanid flies (Singh et al 1993;Desquesnes et al 2009) and disease is more common in areas where environment for the breeding of the fly vectors is most suitable (Bhatia et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of acuteTrypanosoma evansiinfection in crossbred cattle in Punjab, India

Kumar

Gupta

Sidhu

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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An outbreak of acute trypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma evansi in Punjab, a northern state of India was investigated in a cattle farm comprising 78 adults (lactating and dry) and 27 calves. The outbreak in the affected animals exhibiting high fever (1058F), circling, tremors, convulsions and death within 24Á48 hours was confirmed based on examination of Wright-Giemsa stained blood smears, morpho-metric measurements and by polymerase chain reaction by using T. evansi specific primers yielding species specific 227 bp PCR product. Pretreatment parasitaemia estimated in three clinical cases revealed 12.5 )10 4 , 11.2 )10 4 and 16.7 )10 4 tryps/ml of blood and cow that was treated with isometamedium chloride revealed parasitemia of 1.4 )10 4 tryps/ml of blood 24 hours after treatment while no parasitemia was found after 24 hrs of treatment in other two cows, treated with quinapyramine sulphate and chloride combination (Triquin). Post-mortem revealed moderate enlargement of spleen. Biochemical parameters revealed increase in cholesterol, bilirubin and total proteins.

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Association of Trypanosoma theileri with peritonitis in a pregnant cross-bred cow: a case report

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Malnutrition as the cause of recumbency in suckler cows associated with Trypanosoma theileri infection

Malnutrition as the cause of recumbency in suckler cows associated with Trypanosoma theileri infection

Evaluation of the relative roles of the Tabanidae and Glossinidae in the transmission of trypanosomosis in drug resistance hotspots in Mozambique

An outbreak of acuteTrypanosoma evansiinfection in crossbred cattle in Punjab, India

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