Association of trypanosomosis risk with dairy cattle production in western Kenya

Mugunieri, Godiah Lawrence; Matete, G.

doi:10.4102/ojvr.v72i4.183

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…These were identified as being responsible for the high DA and ISM resistance in the community [10]. Similar reports have been reported in Kenya, where 73% (475/650) of treatments were done by untrained personnel [12]. A high degree of variation in trypanocide usage and the intervals of their application (i.e., 20% of respondents rely on trypanocide for trypanosomiasis control [5] in Tanzania) have been reported, demonstrating an absence of standard treatment regiments.…”

Section: Meta-analysis On Community Practices and Control Measures Ag...supporting

confidence: 60%

“…In Tanzania, farmers reported unavailability of drugs, lack of initiative to control the disease in the community, poor knowledge, and lack of veterinary services as well as financial constraints as major drivers for the abuse of trypanocides [5] while in Ethiopia, DA was preferred over ISM since it was cheaper, easy to use and access [15]. In western Kenya, improved farmers' knowledge (see [17] following over 40 years of interactions with the same compounds) on trypanocides was associated with a poor prognosis in farmer-led-animal treatments, leading to the development of trypanocide resistance in the herds [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Tanzania, the community had excellent knowledge of tsetse [5] and in Kenya, farmers (90%, 585/650) were aware of trypanosomiasis and appropriate measures for disease control [12], although this did not reflect their knowledge of trypanocide resistance. Farmers have cited reinfection, immune compromised status of the animal, drug resistance, and poor quality drugs as sources of drug failure in West Africa, i.e., in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Guinea [13].…”

Section: Community Knowledge and Attitudes On African Animal Trypanoc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Knowledge Attitude and Practices on African Animal Trypanocide Resistance

et al. 2022

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Background: African trypanocide resistance is an emerging public health emergency whose control requires a revisit on farmer’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices in developing countries. African animal trypanocide resistance (AATr) is rife in an environment where drug use and policy decisions are disjointed. The objective of the study was to identify community factors responsible for the development of AATr. This was important since diminazene aceturate (DA), isometamidium chloride (ISM), and homidium bromide (HB) have existed for over 30 years and no new drugs have been provided to farmers. Methods: An electronic keyword search across 12 databases was conducted using a search criterion from 1806 to June 2022. This generated a total of 24 publications, but after removing duplicates, review articles, and nonrelated articles, a total of eight papers were included in the analysis by following the PRISMA checklist. A meta-analysis was conducted on the data extracted and the risk ratio and inverse variance at 95% confidence interval were calculated using RevMan®. Results: All the eight articles in the study showed that DA was the most preferred trypanocide in both West and Eastern Africa. Poor farmer knowledge of AATr and limited drug options were major drivers for trypanocide resistance. In addition, farmer treatments, use of untrained personnel, poor administration, poor dosing, and preparation of trypanocides were major drivers for the development of AATr and similarities were identified in DA and ISM practices (P = 0.13). Conclusions: AATr is spread in developing countries due to a lack of community knowledge, attitudes, and drug-use practices. This situation could be reversed through interdisciplinary collaborations in endemic communities by promoting effective treatments and responsible drug handling.

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Section: Meta-analysis On Community Practices and Control Measures Ag...supporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Community Knowledge and Attitudes On African Animal Trypanoc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Knowledge Attitude and Practices on African Animal Trypanocide Resistance

et al. 2022

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“…Trypanosomiasis costs Africa about US$4.5 billion a year compared to East Coast fever (ECF) losses of about US$168, million (Budd, 1999;Kristjanson et al, 1999). In Kenya, increased trypanosomiasis risk represented by an increased disease prevalence from 1 % to 20 % has been shown to decrease the density of cattle by about 53 %, and is associated with an increase of calving interval from about 14 to 25 months among the dairy farmers (Mugunieri and Matete, 2005).…”

Section: Relative Importance and Preference For Trypanotolerance Cattle Traitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying conjoint analysis to match farmer's preferences for cattle traits with those conferred by the improved trypanotolerant Orma Boran cattle in coastal Kenya

Mugunieri

Wanjala

Alusi

et al. 2021

EAJSTI

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Bovine trypanosomiasis is a key constraint to increased livestock production across all production systems of Kwale County in coastal Kenya. Genetically controlled trypanotolerance of cattle is regarded as one of the promising methods available to mitigate the impact of this disease, and the improved trypanonotolerant Orma Boran is one of the breeds available in Kenya for this purpose. Conjoint analysis was thus used to match farmer’s preference for cattle traits against those conferred by this breed in three production systems of Kwale County. The study also estimated the transaction costs (TC) that would influence access to breeding services while availing the breed. The aim was to identify production systems where the breed matches well with farmer preferences, as an initial step towards its dissemination. In order of importance, farmers preferred cattle that were resistant to trypanosomiasis, had large body size, exhibited resistance to tick-borne diseases (TBD), and had high milk output. However, there were inter-production system differences in trait preferences, where resistance to TBD was least valued in the agro-pastoral system, with more emphasis put on the size of animal and trypanotolerance respectively. On the other hand, in medium potential and marginal pastoral systems, more emphasis was placed on TBD resistance, followed by trypanosomiasis resistance. The agro-pastoral production system was therefore delineated as a potential area for disseminating the breed. Regarding transaction costs, the price of service was the most important transaction costs element. Furthermore, whereas bull service was preferred over artificial insemination (AI) services in marginal pastoral and medium potential systems, AI was given preference in an agro-pastoral system. It was thus concluded that the Orma Boran dissemination would be successful among agro-pastoral households system, and should be delivered using subsidized AI services.

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“…The values were estimated based on a review of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies comparing the productivity observed in infected and uninfected individual cattle or whole herds, under conditions of both high and low trypanosomiasis challenge (see Section 2.3.3). The effects of trypanosomiasis treatment on performance were estimated based on a review of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies comparing the productivity observed in infected and uninfected individual cattle or whole herds, under conditions of both high and low trypanosomiasis challenge [33,45,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61]. The review gave a range of values for the effect of the disease.…”

Section: Parameterising the Cattle Production Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Effect of Removing Bovine Trypanosomiasis in Eastern Africa

et al. 2018

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Increasing the production of meat and milk within sub-Saharan Africa should provide significant food security benefits. However, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions represent a challenge, as cattle production in the region typically has high emissions intensity (EI), i.e., high rates of GHG emissions per unit of output. The high EI is caused by the relatively low production efficiencies in the region, which are in turn partly due to endemic cattle diseases. In theory, improved disease control should increase the efficiency and decrease the emissions intensity of livestock production; however quantitative analysis of the potential GHG mitigation effects of improved disease control in Africa is lacking. This paper seeks to respond to this by using a hybrid modelling approach to quantify the production and emissions effects of removing trypanosomiasis from East African cattle production systems. The emissions are quantified for each cattle production system using an excel version of GLEAM, the Food and Agriculture Organization's Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model. The results indicate that removing trypanosomiasis leads to a reduction in the emissions intensity per unit of protein produced of between 0% and 8%, driven mainly by the increases in milk yields and cow fertility rates. Despite the limitations, it is argued that the approach provides considerable scope for modelling the GHG impacts of disease interventions.

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Association of trypanosomosis risk with dairy cattle production in western Kenya

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Knowledge Attitude and Practices on African Animal Trypanocide Resistance

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Knowledge Attitude and Practices on African Animal Trypanocide Resistance

Applying conjoint analysis to match farmer's preferences for cattle traits with those conferred by the improved trypanotolerant Orma Boran cattle in coastal Kenya

Assessing the Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Effect of Removing Bovine Trypanosomiasis in Eastern Africa

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