Association of Tuberculin-Boosted Antibody Responses with Pathology and Cell-Mediated Immunity in Cattle Vaccinated with
            <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>
            BCG and Infected with
            <i>M. bovis</i>

Lyashchenko, Konstantin P.; Whelan, Adam O.; Greenwald, Rena; Pollock, J.M.; Andersen, Peter; Hewinson, R. Glyn; Vordermeier, H. Martin

doi:10.1128/iai.72.5.2462-2467.2004

Cited by 127 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The assay is easily adapted to the diagnostic laboratory setting, since whole-blood cultures are used, circumventing the need for cumbersome cell separation techniques. Recently, recombinant antigens specific for virulent tubercle bacilli (e.g., early secretory antigenic target 6 [ESAT-6], culture filtrate protein 10 [CFP-10], MPB-59, MPB-64, and MPB-70) have been evaluated for use in tests that discriminate between M. avium-exposed, M. bovis BCGvaccinated, and tuberculous cattle (4,5,13,27,29). These antigens have demonstrated utility for both in vitro (i.e., IFN-␥ test) and in vivo (i.e., skin test) use (7,14,20,21,26,32).…”

Section: Mycobacterium Bovis Infection Of Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Implications of Antigen-Induced Gamma Interferon Production by Blood Leukocytes from Mycobacterium bovis -Infected Reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus )

Waters

Palmer

Slaughter³

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The only approved method of tuberculosis (TB) surveillance of reindeer within the United States is tuberculin skin testing; however, skin testing has an apparent lack of specificity, since numerous reindeer are classified as reactors, yet Mycobacterium bovis is not isolated from tissues upon necropsy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of an in vitro assay (the Cervigam assay) to detect gamma interferon (IFN-␥) produced by blood leukocytes in response to mycobacterial antigens from M. bovis-infected reindeer. Thirteen male reindeer ϳ9 months of age were inoculated with 10 5 CFU M. bovis in their tonsillar crypts. Stimulation of whole-blood cultures with a mitogen resulted in significant production of IFN-␥ compared to that by nonstimulated samples. Responses by infected reindeer to M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) were as much as 3.5-fold higher than those by noninfected reindeer (n ‫؍‬ 4). Despite differences in responses to PPD by the two groups, reindeer within the noninfected group had responses of >0.1 change in optical density (⌬OD) (a level generally considered positive) to PPD. Mean responses by infected reindeer to a rESAT-6-CFP-10 fusion protein (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex specific) were as much as 20-fold higher than respective responses by noninfected reindeer at all time points. Additionally, responses by 3/4 noninfected reindeer were <0.1 ⌬OD (considered negative) at each time point. To further evaluate the specificity of the assay, samples were collected from reindeer in a TB-free herd. All reindeer had responses to mitogen; however, only 1 of 38 had a response to PPD, and none of the reindeer responded to rESAT-6-CFP-10. Together, these findings indicate that IFN-␥-based tests may prove useful for TB surveillance of reindeer. Mycobacterium bovis infection of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)is rare, especially in North America, where there are no published reports of tuberculosis occurring in reindeer. Despite the low incidence of disease, reindeer are subject to regulations in the USDA Uniform Methods and Rules for the Eradication of Bovine Tuberculosis (TB) (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service [APHIS] circular 91-45-011) (25) requiring TB testing for interstate movement and herd accreditation. For reindeer within the United States, the single cervical test (SCT), a measure of delayed-type hypersensitivity, is the primary approved test for tuberculosis. The SCT relies on in vivo reactivity to M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) injected intradermally into the mid-cervical region. Reindeer classified as reactors or suspect with this test are often retested using the comparative cervical skin test (CCT), in which M. bovis PPD is injected at one site and Mycobacterium avium PPD at a separate site. In principle, the CCT provides an added ability to distinguish M. avium responders from M. bovis responders. Although exact numbers are difficult to ascertain, many reindeer have tested positive upon skin testing for TB surveillance. Neither Mycobacterium bo...

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Section: Mycobacterium Bovis Infection Of Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Implications of Antigen-Induced Gamma Interferon Production by Blood Leukocytes from Mycobacterium bovis -Infected Reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus )

Waters

Palmer

Slaughter³

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…In this situation, animals can have a great antibody titre with no lesions and did not react properly to the intradermal tests (Griffin 1990). In a study using BCG-vaccinated cattle and CITT testing, a booster effect on antibodies measured by ELISA following infection of bovine PPD was reported (Lyaschenko et al 2004). It has also been reported that different strains of M.bovis could enhance different subclasses of IgG (Jolley et al 2007), a factor that could contribute to the variation seen in ELISA results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IFN assay is widely used to detect early infection in animals or to confirm the results of the CITT (Vordemeier et al 2004, Marassi et al 2009b, Houlihan 2010, and is considered to have adequate sensitivity for diagnostic purposes. Wood & Jones (2001) in a comprehensive review also reported that IFN could identify TB positive animals at an earlier time point compared to the CITT, and in some cases positively reacting animals were identified at 14 days post infection (Buddle et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, serological assays are relatively easy to perform and can be used to rapidly test a large number of samples (Surujbali et al 2002, Medeiros et al 2010). In addition, new antigens are being investigated with variable results in order to identify infected animals in the first stages of the disease and, in some countries, to differentiate infection from vaccination (Buddle et al 1995, Lyaschenko et al 2004. MPB70 and MPB83 have been used independently or in association with other important antigens, such as EAST-6 and CFP-10, for diagnosis purposes (Aagard et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A multidisciplinary approach to diagnose naturally occurring bovine tuberculosis in Brazil

et al. 2013

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“…In other host species, MAPIA has identified MBP70 (cattle), MPB83 (cattle, deer, badgers), and ESAT-6 (elephants, nonhuman primates) as immunodominant antigens. 6,9,10,12,17,18,26 The rapid test and MA-PIA, when used with the mycobacterial antigen cocktails, have been reported to have a higher sensitivity and specificity in Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) 9 and were able to maintain serologic activity longer than existing ELISA tests. 17 To date, the gold standard for diagnosis of feline tuberculosis still remains bacterial culture from biopsy or at time of necropsy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Three Immunodiagnostic Assays for Antemortem Detection of Mycobacterium Bovis Stimulation in Domestic Cats

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Mycobacterium bovis causes disease in numerous mammalian species including humans, thus making research, surveillance, and control important in the eradication of tuberculosis. Domestic cats are susceptible to multiple mycobacterial species including Mycobacterium bovis; however, their role in the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis is not fully documented. The current study was an evaluation of the immune response in specific pathogen-free (SPF) cats stimulated with sensitinogen, a heat-killed M. bovis product, using the rapid test, multiple antigen print immunoassay (MAPIA), and bovine-purified protein derivative (bPPD) single skin test. Six cats were inoculated with sensitinogen subcutaneously on days 0 and 24; 2 noninoculated cats and 49 non-SPF cats were controls. Serial serum samples were collected during 135 days and assayed for M. bovis antibodies by rapid test and MAPIA. On day 123, bPPD skin test was performed and read at 48 and 72 hr. The bPPD test at 72 hr had a mean skin thickness of 0.3 mm for stimulated cats and 0.1 mm for controls. Rapid test identified 4 of 6 stimulated cats after bPPD injection. The MAPIA detected antibody against MPB83, 16/83, 16 kDa, and M. bovis culture filtrate (MBCF) antigens. All assays differentiated between stimulated and control cats; however, 7 of 49 non-SPF control cats had a reaction for either antigen MBCF or 16/83. These preliminary studies show potential for antemortem detection of M. bovis among domestic cats. Additional studies to better characterize virulent M. bovis infection in cats would be of value.

show abstract

Association of Tuberculin-Boosted Antibody Responses with Pathology and Cell-Mediated Immunity in Cattle Vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Infected with M. bovis

Cited by 127 publications

References 29 publications

Diagnostic Implications of Antigen-Induced Gamma Interferon Production by Blood Leukocytes from Mycobacterium bovis -Infected Reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus )

Diagnostic Implications of Antigen-Induced Gamma Interferon Production by Blood Leukocytes from Mycobacterium bovis -Infected Reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus )

A multidisciplinary approach to diagnose naturally occurring bovine tuberculosis in Brazil

Comparison of Three Immunodiagnostic Assays for Antemortem Detection of Mycobacterium Bovis Stimulation in Domestic Cats

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