Association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with the risk of prostate cancer in the Han population of Southern China

Abstract

BackgroundMolecular epidemiological studies have shown that gene polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor (VDR) are associated with prostate cancer risks. However, previous results from many molecular studies remain inconsistent.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 122 prostate cancer patients and 130 age-matched control subjects in the Han population of Southern China. The differences of VDR gene polymorphism between cancer cases and controls were determined by PCR-RFLP, examiming FokI (exon 2), BsmI, Tru9I, ApaI (intron 9), and TaqI (exon 9). Associations between the VDR gene polymorphism and prostate cancer risk were calculated in an unconditional logistic regression model. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotypes were analyzed with the SHEsis software.ResultsOf five polymorphisms, BsmI was shown to associate with prostate cancer, while FokI, Tru9I, ApaI, and TaqI did not show any significant association. After adjustment for age, the BsmI 'B' allele was associated with an almost 1/3-fold risk (OR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.15-0.80) of the occurrence of prostate cancer, a 1/5-fold risk (OR = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.06-0.68) of poorly differentiated prostate cancer, and a 1/10-fold risk (OR = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.01-0.78) of aggressive prostate cancer compared with the 'b' allele, especially among older men (>71 years). In addition, haplotype analysis revealed that the 'F-b-U-A-T' was more frequent found in cases than in controls (3.4% vs 0.0%, P = 0.0035), while the frequency of haplotype 'F-B-U-a-T' was 0.8% in cases, significantly lower than in controls (3.9%, P = 0.019).ConclusionOur experiments provide evidences that genetic polymorphisms in the VDR gene may be potential risk factors for prostate cancer in the Han population of southern China and the susceptibility to prostate cancer is associated with ethnicity and geographic location.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Gc Gene for Vitamin D Binding Protein in Common Cancers in Thailand

“…Prostate cancer is among those with reported association in American (Taylor et al, 1996), Chinese (Bai et al, 2009) and Koreans (Ohi et al, 2014). In addition, Gc polymorphisms were demonstrated on a meta-analysis for their association with skin cancer susceptibility in European (Zhaoi et al, 2014).…”

Vitamin D Receptor Gene BsmI and FokI Polymorphisms in Relation to Ovarian Cancer Risk in the Polish Population

“…The BsmI or FokI SNPs in VDR have been associated with breast, bladder, renal, carcinoma, and cutaneous malignant melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (Mittal et al, 2007;Gandini et al, 2009;Tang et al, 2009;Arjumand et al, 2012). These polymorphisms were also recognized as risk factors of hepatocellular, head and neck, thyroid, prostate, and colorectal cancers (Liu et al, 2005;Mishra et al, 2005;Bai et al, 2009Bai et al, , 2012Penna-Martinez et al, 2009;Falleti et al, 2010).…”

Analysis of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Vitiligo

“…It is a silent mutation and does not affect the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein. However, it is thought that the 3′-UTR of the VDR gene is involved in the regulation of mRNA stability, and therefore polymorphisms of this region (such as Bsm I and Apa I) are involved in the degradation of VDR mRNA and consequently reduce receptor density [12,15,19]. These polymorphisms might affect splicing by changing hnRNA structure, which could influence transcription, e.g.…”

“…Among these, Bsm I, Apa I, Taq I, Fok I and Cdx2 are the most studied polymorphisms. It has been reported that these polymorphisms are associated with various diseases including psoriasis, diabetes mellitus and cancers [10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. Up to date, there is only one study showing that the Apa I polymorphism of the VDR gene is associated with vitiligo and might play a role in the etiopathogenesis of the disease [17].…”