Functional laryngeal and airway disorders are characterized by apparently normal anatomy and neurological function accompanied by clinically significant symptoms, which can include dysphonia, dysphagia, globus sensation, and dyspnea.These disorders are often diagnoses of exclusion, since the presenting symptoms can also accompany important anatomic and neurologic abnormalities that must be ruled out. Primary muscle tension dysphonia (MTD), also often called functional dysphonia or hyperfunctional dysphonia, presents with various forms of laryngeal muscular dysregulation during voice and speech production and remains a voice disorder without established pathophysiology. Some signs and symptoms may be observable during the examination (eg, supraglottic hyperfunction, perceived vocal strain), while others may be elusive (eg, vocal fatigue, stress-induced hyperfunction). Functional airway disorders such as paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (sometimes also called vocal cord dysfunction) are characterized by dysfunctional respiratory/laryngeal coordination. These can lead to dynamic airway narrowing at the glottis and shortness of breath despite a neurologically normal larynx. Functional laryngeal and airway disorders are frequently associated with psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, and somatic concerns. Somatic concerns involving other parts of the body are also common in patients with MTD and are associated with heightened medical costs, which drive up the costs of health care and further burden patients, who may undergo numerous expensive evaluations, tests, and procedures owing to their symptoms.In the intriguing study by Piersiala et al 1 in the current issue of JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, a retrospective review of more than 4000 patients was undertaken to determine whether patients with chronic pain syndromes (CPS: fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome) had different patterns of voice and laryngeal disorders than those without CPS. In the 5% of patients noted to have at least 1 CPS, functional voice disorders (as grouped by the authors) were more commonly diagnosed, and laryngeal and airway conditions were less commonly diagnosed, than in those without CPS. Furthermore, regardless of the specific type of CPS, patients had similar patterns of voice and laryngeal problems. These findings are consistent with the observation in a different health care system that patients with mental health diagnoses, including somatization, had a lower likelihood of receiving anatomic laryngeal disorder diagnoses than patients without mental health diagnoses. 2 It is important to emphasize, as acknowledged by the authors, 1 that the term "medically unexplained" must be used with caution. Some major medical disorders in the past were considered medically unexplained, until they were not. Inroads into