Association study of angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism with elderly diabetic hypertension and lipids levels

Abstract

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and diabetic essential hypertension in elderly population.MethodsPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used in 260 elderly normal control patients, 205 elderly hypertensive patients and 138 elderly diabetic hypertensive patients to detect the I/D polymorphism in ACE gene.ResultsDD genotype frequency (0.352) and D allele frequency (0.543) in elderly hypertensive patients were higher than those in the normal control patients. DD genotype (0.421) and D allele frequency (0.579) in elderly diabetic hypertensive patients were significantly higher than those in the control patients (0.133 and 0.250). The differences of DD genotype and D allele frequency between the elderly hypertensive patients and the elderly diabetic hypertensive patients were not significant (P > 0.05).ConclusionACE gene deletion is a risk factor for hypertension but is not a risk factor for diabetes in elderly population.

Association of ACE <i>DD</i> Genotype with Hypertension among the Tribal Populations of South India

“…Epidemiological studies show that various genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of Hypertension. ACE is the key enzyme in the Renin-Angiotensin system, which can catalyze the conversion of Angiotensin-I to Angiotensin-II [22,24,41].The ACE gene is located in chromosome 17q23 and contains 26 exons and 25 introns with a total length of 21 kb. The Insertion/Deletion (I/D) polymorphisms are defined according to presence or absence of the 287 bp fragment in intron 16.…”

“…Many studies showed that polymorphisms of certain genes related to metabolism, including that of ACE, are also associated with the onset and development of Type 2-Diabetes [22, 24 -25]. There is a 287 bp DNA fragment insertion (I) and /or deletion(D) polymorphism in the intron 16 of ACE gene [22,26], which was recently studied [27][28][29][30][31] …”

Diabetic neuropathy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and associated genetic markers

“…Apart from being a very potent vasoconstrictor, through the induction of proteolysis of bradykinin 2, Angiotensin II participates in the regulation of glucose and insulin levels. In diabetes, the hyperglycemia‐induced increase of angiotensin II levels has been found to induce oxidative stress, inflammation, damage of endothelial cells, and thrombosis . The I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene is classified into three types—II, ID, and DD—and is defined by an insertion (I allele) or deletion (D allele) of a 287 base pair Alu sequence in intron 16 .…”

Daily sodium intake influences the relationship between angiotensin‐converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and hypertension in older adults

“…Previous studies commonly included young adult populations to investigate this topic and have found a significant association between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and hypertension, but our results did not confirm this association in the studied elderly population. Notwithstanding, recent studies including older adult populations have shown a greater prevalence of ID and DD genotypes (ie, presence of the D allele) among patients with hypertension …”

“…Notwithstanding, recent studies including older adult populations have shown a greater prevalence of ID and DD genotypes (ie, presence of the D allele) among patients with hypertension. 35,36 Indeed, the presence of the D allele is associated with high plasma concentrations of ACE, 37 leading to an increased peripheral vascular resistance, loss of arterial elasticity, and elevated BP. 14…”