Associations Among Individuals’ Perceptions of Future Time, Individual Resources, and Subjective Well-Being in Old Age

Hoppmann, Christiane A.; Infurna, Frank J.; Ram, Nilam; Gerstorf, Denis

doi:10.1093/geronb/gbv063

Cited by 54 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…Demonstrating this link empirically in correlational designs, however, is challenging. One problem is the nature of the measure: The most commonly-used self-report measure of future time perspective in aging is the FTP Scale [11], with items such as “I have the sense time is running out.” Contrary to SST’s predictions, more limited future time perspectives have been found to correlate with more negative affect [12,13]. Interestingly, in these datasets the typical age pattern of reduced negative affect is also found, questioning time perspective as a key causal mechanism.…”

Section: Emotional Experiencementioning

confidence: 62%

Aging and emotions: experience, regulation, and perception

Isaacowitz

Livingstone

Castro

2017

Current Opinion in Psychology

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Whereas some theories suggest that emotion-related processes become more positive with age, recent empirical findings on affective experience, emotion regulation, and emotion perception depict a more nuanced picture. Though there is some evidence for positive age trajectories in affective experience, results are mixed for emotion regulation and largely negative for emotion perception. Thus, current findings suggest that the effects of age on emotion vary across different affective domains; age patterns are also influenced by different moderators, including contextual factors and individual differences.

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Section: Emotional Experiencementioning

confidence: 62%

Aging and emotions: experience, regulation, and perception

Isaacowitz

Livingstone

Castro

2017

Current Opinion in Psychology

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“…Taken together, the available evidence suggests a positive association such that a less expansive FTP tends to be associated with lower well-being, whereas a more expansive FTP is associated with greater psychological well-being. Furthermore, FTP seems to function as an antecedent of well-being in later life, rather than a consequence (Coudin & Lima, 2011; Hoppmann, Infurna, Ram, & Gerstorf, 2015). The body of research on FTP and well-being is paralleled by a growing number of studies which show that the subjective experience of aging is also a correlate of well-being.…”

Section: Future Time Perspective and Awareness Of Age-related Change mentioning

confidence: 99%

Future time perspective and awareness of age-related change: Examining their role in predicting psychological well-being.

Gabrian

Wahl

Diehl

2016

Psychology and Aging

105

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This study examined how two distinct facets of perceived personal lifetime – future time perspective (FTP) and awareness of age-related change (AARC) – are associated with one another, and how they may interact to predict psychological well-being. To better understand associations among subjective perceptions of lifetime, aging and well-being, we tested a series of models to investigate questions of directionality, indirect effects, and conditional processes among FTP, AARC-Gains, AARC-Losses, and psychological well-being. In all models, we tested for differences between middle-aged and older adults, and between adults from the U.S. and Germany. Analyses were conducted within a structural equation modeling framework on a cross-national, 2.5-year longitudinal sample of 537 community-residing adults (age 40–98 years). Awareness of age-related losses (AARC-Losses) at Time 1 predicted FTP at Time 2, but FTP did not predict AARC-Gains or AARC-Losses. Furthermore, future time perspective mediated the association between AARC-Losses and well-being. Moderation analyses revealed a buffering effect of awareness of age-related gains (AARC-Gains) in which perceptions of more age-related gains diminished the negative effect of a limited future time perspective on well-being. Effects were robust across age groups and countries. Taken together, these findings suggest that perceived age-related loss experiences may sensitize individuals to perceive a more limited future lifetime which may then lead to lower psychological well-being. In contrast, perceived age-related gains may function as a resource to preserve psychological well-being, in particular when time is perceived as running out.

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“…With regard to expansion of future time , studies have accumulated showing that an expanded future time perspective is associated with higher levels of well-being as indicated by higher positive affect and life satisfaction as well as less negative affect and fewer depressive symptoms [21][22][23] . Likewise, an expanded future time perspective was found to be linked to a reduced risk of mortality 6.5 years later [24] .…”

Section: Perception Of Time As Duration/expansion Of Personal Lifetimementioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective Time Perceptions and Aging Well: A Review of Concepts and Empirical Research - A Mini-Review

Gabrian

Dutt

Wahl³

2017

Gerontology

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Human beings impose subjective, time-related interpretations on their existence, and the experience of time is a major aspect of lifespan development. In this mini-review, we understand subjective time as the way individuals subjectively perceive and evaluate the passing of their personal “objective” lifetime. A broad range of constructs and operationalizations has been developed in (gero-) psychology to capture subjective time, including future time perspective, personal goals, or autobiographical memories. In order to theoretically integrate this yet loosely connected body of literature, we propose a conceptual model of subjective time concepts according to 2 dimensions: temporal direction (past, present, future) and thematic field (duration/expansion, time-ordered life content, and time-related evaluations, attitudes, and mindsets). This conceptual model of subjective time perceptions builds the foundation for a review of the empirical literature regarding associations of subjective time with developmental outcomes (i.e., subjective well-being and physical health) in middle and late adulthood. Empirical findings establish subjective time concepts as a consistent predictor of well-being and health. Positive subjective time perceptions (i.e., an expanded view of the future, a focus on positive past and future life content, and favorable time-related evaluations) were associated with higher well-being and better physical health, while negative subjective time perceptions in general were linked to lower levels of health and well-being. Contrasting past- and future-oriented subjective time perceptions, it appears that past-oriented subjective time perceptions have been studied primarily in relation to subjective well-being, while future-oriented time perceptions play a key role both with regard to physical health and well-being. In conclusion, we argue that a stronger integration of subjective time constructs into developmental regulation models may deepen our understanding of human development across the lifespan. To this end, we call for theoretical and empirical interlinkages between yet loosely connected conceptual developments related to subjective time. These endeavors should be paralleled by an extension of methodological procedures (e.g., implementation of longitudinal research designs as well as a focus on the oldest-old) in order to inform a “lifespan theory of subjective time.”

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Associations Among Individuals’ Perceptions of Future Time, Individual Resources, and Subjective Well-Being in Old Age

Cited by 54 publications

References 62 publications

Aging and emotions: experience, regulation, and perception

Aging and emotions: experience, regulation, and perception

Future time perspective and awareness of age-related change: Examining their role in predicting psychological well-being.

Subjective Time Perceptions and Aging Well: A Review of Concepts and Empirical Research - A Mini-Review

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