Associations Among Walking Performance, Physical Activity, and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease

Pettee, Kelley K.; Larouere, Beth; Kriska, Andrea M.; Johnson, B. Delia; Orchard, Trevor J.; Goodpaster, Bret H.; Conroy, Molly B.; Mackey, Rachel H.; Underwood, Darcy A.; Kuller, Lewis H.

doi:10.1111/j.1520-037x.2007.06173.x

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In addition, both the Whitehall II cohort study and the Three-City study included men and women while our study only included women at late midlife. In postmenopausal women of similar age to our study, Pettee et al did not find an independent association between cIMT and walking performance (24). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Simple physical performance measures and vascular health in late midlife women: the Study of Women's Health across the nation

Khoudary

Chen

Barinas‐Mitchell

et al. 2015

International Journal of Cardiology

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Background Physical performance measures have been shown to predict mortality and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) mainly in elderly populations. We evaluated whether physical performance measures are associated with vascular health indices (carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), adventitial diameter (cAD) and carotid plaque) in a large sample of multi-ethnic, late midlife women. Methods Participants from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation free of CVD and who had carotid ultrasound assessed at the 12th annual visit were evaluated. Physical function (PF) measures at visit 12 included: average 40-foot walking speed and average time needed for sit-to-stand assessment. Results A total of 1103 women (53.7% White, 30.5% Black, 15.9% Chinese) aged 59.6±2.7 years at visit 12, were included. In models adjusted for study site, race, current age, menopausal status and systolic blood pressure, slower walking speed and longer time needed for sit-to-stand were significantly associated with wider cAD, thicker cIMT and a higher probability of a high level of carotid plaque burden (all P-values <0.05). Associations between walking speed and cAD, and between time needed for sit-to-stand and cAD, remained significant (P=0.04) or marginally significant (P=0.07), respectively, after additional adjustment for CVD risk factors, medications and physical activity. However, the associations between PF measures and cIMT and plaque burden were largely explained by traditional CVD risk factors. Conclusions The current study suggest that worse performance in simple objective PF tests may be an early indicator of vascular structural changes that precede vascular disease among women at late midlife.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Simple physical performance measures and vascular health in late midlife women: the Study of Women's Health across the nation

Khoudary

Chen

Barinas‐Mitchell

et al. 2015

International Journal of Cardiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In older adults, the time and ability to walk 400 meters has been shown to be a good indicator of aerobic capacity 11 and has previously been associated with mortality, cardiovascular disease, and mobility limitation and mobility disability. 13,20 We show that the most fit from a cardiovascular perspective had a lower weight, lower total percent body fat, greater total percent lean and greater muscle strength. Findings suggest that this initial fitness advantage not only persists with increasing age, but also conditions a better decline profile over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Association Between Fitness and Changes in Body Composition and Muscle Strength

Koster

Visser

Simonsick³

et al. 2010

J American Geriatrics Society

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Objectives This study examined the association of physical fitness, as assessed by ability and time to complete a 400-meter walk, on changes in body composition and muscle strength over a subsequent 7-year period. Design Prospective observational cohort study Setting Memphis, Tennessee and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Participants 2,949 black and white men and women aged 70-79 participating in the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. Measurements Body composition (fat and bone-free lean mass) was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in years 1-6, and 8. Knee extension strength was measured with isokinetic dynamometry and grip strength with isometric dynamometry in years 1,2,4,6, and 8. Results Compared to very fit men and women at baseline, less fit people had a higher weight, higher total percent fat, and lower total percent lean mass (p<0.01). Additionally, the least fit lost significantly more weight, fat mass, and lean mass over time compared to the very fit (p<0.01). Very fit people had the highest grip strength and knee extensor strength at baseline and follow-up; the decline in muscle strength was similar in every fitness group. Conclusions Low fitness in old age was associated with greater weight loss and loss of lean mass relative to having high fitness. Despite having lower muscle strength, the rate of decline in the least fit persons was similar to the most fit. In clinical practice, a long distance walk test as a measure of fitness might be useful to identify people at risk for these adverse health outcomes.

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“…However, there are inconsistencies in the literature related to the association between PA and CAC. Prior research suggests that chronic exercise attenuates the presence and extent of CAC, 10 while slower walking time is associated with more CAC 2, 11 and higher levels of cardio-respiratory fitness at a particular age or age range? are associated with a lower risk of having CAC 15 years later.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between physical activity and both incident coronary artery calcification and ankle brachial index progression: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

et al. 2013

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Objective Both coronary artery calcification (CAC) and the ankle brachial index (ABI) are measures of subclinical atherosclerotic disease. The influence of physical activity on the longitudinal change in these measures remains unclear. To assess this we examined the association between these measures and self-reported physical activity in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Methods At baseline, the MESA participants were free of clinically evident cardiovascular disease. We included all participants with an ABI between 0.90 and 1.40 (n=5656). Predictor variables were based on self-reported measures with physical activity being assessed using the Typical Week Physical Activity Survey from which metabolic equivalent-minutes/week of activity were calculated. We focused on physical activity intensity, intentional exercise, sedentary behavior, and conditioning. Incident peripheral artery disease (PAD) was defined as the progression of ABI to values below 0.90 (given the baseline range of 0.90 to 1.40). Incident CAC was defined as a CAC score >0 Agatston units upon follow up with a baseline score of 0 Agatston units. Results Mean age was 61 years, 53% were female, and mean body mass index was 28 kg/m2. After adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and socioeconomic factors, intentional exercise was protective for incident peripheral artery disease (Relative Risk (RR)= 0.85, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.74 to 0.98). After adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and socioeconomic factors, there was a significant association between vigorous PA and incident CAC (RR=0.97, 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.00). There was also a significant association between sedentary behavior and increased amount of CAC among participants with CAC at baseline (Δlog(Agatston Units +25)=0.027, 95% CI 0.002, 0.052). Conclusions These data suggest that there is an association between physical activity/sedentary behavior and the progression of two different measures of subclinical atherosclerotic disease.

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Associations Among Walking Performance, Physical Activity, and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Simple physical performance measures and vascular health in late midlife women: the Study of Women's Health across the nation

Simple physical performance measures and vascular health in late midlife women: the Study of Women's Health across the nation

Association Between Fitness and Changes in Body Composition and Muscle Strength

The association between physical activity and both incident coronary artery calcification and ankle brachial index progression: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

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