Associations and Heritability of Auditory Encoding, Gray Matter, and Attention in Schizophrenia

Chen, Yuhan; Howell, Breannan; Edgar, J. Christopher; Huang, Mingxiong; Kochunov, Peter; Hunter, Michael A.; Wootton, Cassandra; Lu, Brett Y.; Bustillo, Juan; Sadek, Joseph; Miller, Gregory A.; Cañive, José M.

doi:10.1093/schbul/sby111

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Because auditory hallucinations are a prominent manifestation of schizophrenia, many electroencephalography and MEG studies of auditory encoding have been performed, examining activity in the superior temporal gyri, including time-frequency plots of total power, and inter-trial coherence or phase-locking plots. Chen et al (2019) found that control subjects had stronger auditory encoding activity in superior temporal gyri than patients with schizophrenia, and showed that unaffected relatives of the patients had responses which were similar to control patients in the superior temporal gyri, but were abnormal and similar to the patients, in the left superior frontal gyrus. Some but not all MEG studies show abnormal auditory gating in patients with schizophrenia: presented with two clicks 500 ms apart, normal subjects show decreased auditory activation response to the second click compared to the first, indicating habituation to the stimulus.…”

Section: Magnetoencephalographymentioning

confidence: 90%

Neuroimaging in schizophrenia: A review article

et al. 2022

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In this review article we have consolidated the imaging literature of patients with schizophrenia across the full spectrum of modalities in radiology including computed tomography (CT), morphologic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetoencephalography (MEG). We look at the impact of various subtypes of schizophrenia on imaging findings and the changes that occur with medical and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) therapy. Our goal was a comprehensive multimodality summary of the findings of state-of-the-art imaging in untreated and treated patients with schizophrenia. Clinical imaging in schizophrenia is used to exclude structural lesions which may produce symptoms that may mimic those of patients with schizophrenia. Nonetheless one finds global volume loss in the brains of patients with schizophrenia with associated increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume and decreased gray matter volume. These features may be influenced by the duration of disease and or medication use. For functional studies, be they fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET), rs-fMRI, task-based fMRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) or MEG there generally is hypoactivation and disconnection between brain regions. However, these findings may vary depending upon the negative or positive symptomatology manifested in the patients. MR spectroscopy generally shows low N-acetylaspartate from neuronal loss and low glutamine (a neuroexcitatory marker) but glutathione may be elevated, particularly in non-treatment responders. The literature in schizophrenia is difficult to evaluate because age, gender, symptomatology, comorbidities, therapy use, disease duration, substance abuse, and coexisting other psychiatric disorders have not been adequately controlled for, even in large studies and meta-analyses.

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Section: Magnetoencephalographymentioning

confidence: 90%

Neuroimaging in schizophrenia: A review article

et al. 2022

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“…Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were reviewed, the results have explicitly suggested certain brain areas in relation to cognitive impairment (27). For instance, several studies exhibited that the decreased cortical thickness in the frontal and temporal lobes may be correlated with cognitive function abnormalities, mainly performed on attention (28). Another study showed that the loss of cortical thickness in the right lateral orbitofrontal may be related to attention and visual learning (29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive dysfunction and cortical structural abnormalities in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucination

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveThe current study aimed to examine the cognitive profiles and cortical structural alterations in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia with AVH (auditory verbal hallucination).MethodsCortical structural parameters including cortical thickness and local gyrification index (LGI) estimated using FreeSurfer as well as cognitive performance assessed on the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were acquired from 78 schizophrenia patients with AVH, 74 schizophrenia patients without AVH (non-AVH), and 76 healthy controls (HC). Hoffman Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (HAHRS) was applied to assess the severity of AVH.ResultsThe results revealed extensive deficits in all cognitive domains among AVH, non-AVH, and HC groups. Compared to non-AVH group, the AVH group showed poorer performance on visual learning and verbal learning domains. There were six brain regions with cortical thinning in the right hemisphere of inferior temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, lateral orbito frontal cortex, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, supramarginal gyrus and insula, and two brain regions with increased LGI in the left hemisphere of superior parietal gyrus and the right hemisphere of caudal anterior cingulate cortex on AVH group relative to non-AVH group. Correlation analysis revealed that the cortical thickness in the right hemisphere of lateral orbito frontal cortex was negatively correlated with the severity of AVH in schizophrenia patients with AVH.ConclusionVisual learning, verbal learning dysfunction, and specific disruption of cortical structure may characterize schizophrenia patients with AVH during early stages of the disorder. Right lateral orbito frontal cortical deficits may be the pathological mechanisms underlying AVH in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia.

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“…Actually, some researchers have reported a similar pattern of cognitive deficits between patients with schizophrenia and the first-degree relatives, including working memory, set shifting, and prepotent response (Johnstone et al, 2002; Brewer et al, 2005; Snitz et al, 2006). Similarly, a M100 magnetoencephalography study found greater left SFG M100 activity in not only patients with schizophrenia but also unaffected relatives (Chen et al, 2018). This shared auditory encoding abnormality indicated a compensatory adjustment by overactivating dorsal auditory pathway (Chen et al, 2013) and could also be regarded as a potential endophenotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Enhanced Global-Brain Functional Connectivity in the Left Superior Frontal Gyrus as a Possible Endophenotype for Schizophrenia

Ding

et al. 2019

Front. Neurosci.

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The notion of dysconnectivity in schizophrenia has been put forward for many years and results in substantial attempts to explore altered functional connectivity (FC) within different networks with inconsistent results. Clinical, demographical, and methodological heterogeneity may contribute to the inconsistency. Forty-four patients with first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenia, 42 unaffected siblings of schizophrenia patients and 44 healthy controls took part in this study. Global-brain FC (GFC) was employed to analyze the imaging data. Compared with healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia and unaffected siblings shared enhanced GFC in the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG). In addition, patients had increased GFC mainly in the thalamo-cortical network, including the bilateral thalamus, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus, left superior medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), right angular gyrus, and right SFG/middle frontal gyrus and decreased GFC in the left ITG/cerebellum Crus I. No other altered GFC values were observed in the siblings group relative to the control group. Further ROC analysis showed that increased GFC in the left SFG could separate the patients or the siblings from the controls with acceptable sensitivities. Our findings suggest that increased GFC in the left SFG may serve as a potential endophenotype for schizophrenia.

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Associations and Heritability of Auditory Encoding, Gray Matter, and Attention in Schizophrenia

Cited by 6 publications

References 76 publications

Neuroimaging in schizophrenia: A review article

Neuroimaging in schizophrenia: A review article

Cognitive dysfunction and cortical structural abnormalities in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucination

Enhanced Global-Brain Functional Connectivity in the Left Superior Frontal Gyrus as a Possible Endophenotype for Schizophrenia

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