Associations Between Aging-Related Changes in Grip Strength and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Zammit, Andrea R.; Robitaille, Annie; Piccinin, Andrea M.; Muniz‐Terrera, Graciela; Hofer, Scott M.

doi:10.1093/gerona/gly046

Cited by 73 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…51 In the second review, Zammit et al opined that while both grip strength and cognitive performance decline with age, evidence for an association between longitudinal rates of change in the variables is limited. 118 Several original studies not included in the aforementioned reviews provide evidence supporting a predictive relationship between grip strength and cognitive decline. The studies include Japanese, Korean, and Italian populations, follow-up periods of 1 to 10 years, and cognitive tests as diverse as the Mini-Mental State Evaluation, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Clock Drawing Test, and the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale.…”

Section: Grip Strength As a Biomarker Of Future Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Grip Strength: An Indispensable Biomarker For Older Adults</p>

Bohannon

2019

CIA

570

382

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Grip strength has been proposed as a biomarker. Supporting this proposition, evidence is provided herein that shows grip strength is largely consistent as an explanator of concurrent overall strength, upper limb function, bone mineral density, fractures, falls, malnutrition, cognitive impairment, depression, sleep problems, diabetes, multimorbidity, and quality of life. Evidence is also provided for a predictive link between grip strength and all-cause and disease-specific mortality, future function, bone mineral density, fractures, cognition and depression, and problems associated with hospitalization. Consequently, the routine use of grip strength can be recommended as a stand-alone measurement or as a component of a small battery of measurements for identifying older adults at risk of poor health status.

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Section: Grip Strength As a Biomarker Of Future Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Grip Strength: An Indispensable Biomarker For Older Adults</p>

Bohannon

2019

CIA

570

382

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“…Similarly, other longitudinal studies in older adults have shown that both low hand grip strength and slow gait speed at baseline predict future cognitive decline (9,10). Furthermore, systematic reviews have shown that hand grip strength is positively associated with global cognition and some cognitive subdomains, including episodic memory, visuospatial ability and working memory (11). Finally, hand grip strength changes were more strongly related to mental state (which declines much later), whereas gait speed changes were more strongly related to changes in fluid cognition (which declines as early as midlife) (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…A "common cause" suggests the presence of an underlying mechanism that drives the association between physical and cognitive functions and the simultaneous presence of both impairments. The "common cause hypothesis" stems predominantly from the evidence for a strong correlation between age-related declines in both physical and cognitive functions reported in cross-sectional studies, and rarely from within-subject changes in longitudinal studies (6,11,17). In this regard, a common cause of the ageing process can operate at different physiological levels (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A "Neuromuscular Look" to sarcopenia: Is it a movement disorder?

Kara

Özçakar²,

Kaymak³

et al. 2020

J Rehabil Med

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Decline of physical function is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in sarcopenia and frailty. Physical function tests are performed to show the daily functional tasks. The central nervous system initiates, coordinates and controls muscle movements. Thus, the ability of a muscle to produce force by aging is determined not only by skeletal muscle, but also by neuromotor control systems. Therefore, treatments should contain targeting muscle mass and also neurocognitive functions. In this regard, an example of a rehabilitation program that influences both muscle and brain function is exercise. Accordingly, it is essential that prescribing lifelong exercise is important for healthy and independent aging including the preservation of muscle, physical and cognitive functions. Objective: Impairment of physical function is the main determinant of morbidity/mortality in sarcopenia and frailty. Physical function tests are performed by the movement around the joints, and skeletal muscles are the main generators of the forces required to perform these functional tasks. However, the central nervous system, which initiates and coordinates muscle movements, controls the magnitude and temporal parameters of muscle forces. Methods: Non-systematic literature review was performed about the effects of aging on neuromotor control. Result: The ability of a muscle to produce force by aging is deteriorated not only by muscle structural changes, but also by neuromotor control dysfunction. With aging, changes in muscle structure and loss of volumes in brain structures related with movement and cognition have been shown. Age-related cognitive impairment can have considerable negative effects on the force generating capacity of skeletal muscles. In this sense, the relationship has been found between hand grip strength, gait speed, and cognition. Conclusion: Treatments targeting muscle mass only would be insufficient unless we address the impairment of neurocognitive functions. It is essential that prescribing lifelong exercise is important for heal thy aging including the preservation of muscle mass/strength, physical and cognitive functioning, and independent living.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Muscle loss is another dominant characteristic of elderly (Zammit, Robitaille, Piccinin, Muniz-Terrera, & Hofer, 2018). According to the literature, after attaining the age of 40 and during the whole process of aging, there is a progressive loss of muscle tissue and consequent strength, as well as a loss of muscle quality and effectiveness (Abizanda et al, 2012;Zammit et al, 2018). The decay of muscle mass and strength in older people has been associated with several adverse occurrences; described a reduction of physical activity and global energy output, leading to higher costs to health care (Abizanda et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Mobility, Physical Activity and Strength with Depression, Cognitive State and Health Status in the Elderly in Portugal

Pinheira¹,

Alves²,

Pires³

2018

EJSBS

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This study attempts to understand the relationship between physical activity, strength and mobility with depression, cognitive state and health status among the elderly in Portugal and identify which measures best relate with these. Using a descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study, a sample of 118individuals was selected by exclusion and inclusion criteria. The measuring instruments used were the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Hand Grip Strength (HGS). The sample had a normal distribution. Pearson's test and ANOVA were used for the statistical analysis and revealed meaningful positive correlations between GDS and SF-12, IPAQ, TUG and HGS and also in MMSE with SF-12 [physical and mental dimensions], right HGS, left HGS and IPAQ. A meaningful negative correlation was also found in MMSE with TUG. SF-12 presented a significant negative correlation with TUG. Left HGS revealed a significant positive correlation to SF-12 in both physical and mental dimensions. However, right HGS was only significant to the physical dimension. IPAQ had no significant correlation with SF-12. All the measures had a meaningful correlation with depression (GDS) and cognitive state (MMSE). Applying simple instruments of easy application such as TUG have shown good values of correlation with depression, cognitive state and health.

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Associations Between Aging-Related Changes in Grip Strength and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Abstract: Future research is urged to expand the study of physical and cognitive associations in old age using a within-person and multi-study integrative approach to evaluate the reliability of longitudinal results with greater emphasis on the magnitude of this association.

Cited by 73 publications

References 58 publications

<p>Grip Strength: An Indispensable Biomarker For Older Adults</p>

<p>Grip Strength: An Indispensable Biomarker For Older Adults</p>

A "Neuromuscular Look" to sarcopenia: Is it a movement disorder?

The Relationship Between Mobility, Physical Activity and Strength with Depression, Cognitive State and Health Status in the Elderly in Portugal

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