Associations Between Biomarkers of Renal Function With Cerebral Microbleeds in Hypertensive Patients

Abstract

Kidney biomarker levels are associated with the presence of CMB in hypertensive patients without a history of transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke, independent of conventional risk factors, and CysC was a better marker for CMBs than eGFR and UACR.

Albuminuria and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

“…In particular, the Brain in Kidney Disease study evaluated 240 subjects with CKD and controls and reported that a 10% increment in ACR was independently associated with an increase of 0.24% in WMH volume, but no association with CMBs was documented. A cross‐sectional study of 568 individuals with hypertension without a history of stroke found that 1 SD increase in ACR was associated with higher odds for deep and infratentorial CMBs (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.41–4.31), but no association was found for lobar CMBs . A population‐based study found an association between baseline ACR and WMH volume after 7 years ( β = 0.039, P = .05) and a stronger association when ACR and WMH were concurrently assessed ( β = 0.073, P < .001).…”

Decreased kidney function relates to progression of cerebral microbleeds in lacunar stroke patients

“…1,2 Previously, several studies linked chronic kidney disease in (pre)dialysis patients to the presence of CMBs, and in several cross-sectional studies in stroke patients, hypertensive patients and in the general population, impaired kidney function was associated with the presence of CMBs. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Thus far, there are no longitudinal data on the relation between decreased kidney function and progression of CMBs. To strengthen the association between both small vessel pathologies, we performed a longitudinal study to determine if decreased kidney function was related to CMBs progression after two years of follow-up in lacunar stroke patients.…”

Putative Cerebral Microbleeds in Dogs Undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Head: A Retrospective Study of Demographics, Clinical Associations, and Relationship to Case Outcome

“…Additionally, the presence of CMBs is considered a risk factor for both intracranial hemorrhage and ischemic stroke in healthy elderly populations and was identified as an independent risk factor in a population of patients with intracranial hemorrhage . In people, risk factors for CMBs include CAA, hypertension, renal disease, proteinuria, and pro‐inflammatory states …”

“…12,13 Additionally, the presence of CMBs is considered a risk factor for both intracranial hemorrhage and ischemic stroke in healthy elderly populations 14 and was identified as an independent risk factor in a population of patients with intracranial hemorrhage. 15 In people, risk factors for CMBs include CAA, hypertension, 8 renal disease, [16][17][18] proteinuria, 19 and pro-inflammatory states. 20 Pathological changes seen in humans with CAA have been recognized in older dogs, 21,22 although these lesions have not been identified as resulting in neurologic deficits in veterinary medicine.…”