Associations between Cognitive Function, Blood Lead Concentration, and Nutrition among Children in the Central Philippines

Solon, Orville; Riddell, Travis J.; Quimbo, Stella; Butrick, Elizabeth; Aylward, Glen P.; Bacate, Marife; Peabody, John

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.09.008

Cited by 80 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The LLE and VLLE groups differed on child age and family income, which, although controlled statistically, might have influenced results. Recent research by Solon and colleagues (Solon et al, 2008) suggested a greater impact of low-level LE on IQ in a sample of disadvantaged children from the Philippines as compared with estimates of children from the United States with similar exposure. It is still an open question if social factors actually confound the relationship between LE and IQ, or if these factors modify the relationship instead (Wright, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study of 877 children in the Philippines with a mean BLL of 7.1 µg/ dl (Solon et al, 2008), found that the impact of low-level LE may be as high as a 2.5 to 3.3 point drop in IQ for every 1 µg/dl increase in BLL among disadvantaged children ages 6 months to 5 years. The relation between LE and child problem behaviors also is well understood, with an increase of one log unit of tooth lead associated with an increase of 2 points in a child's total behavior problem T-score (Bellinger, Leviton, Allred, & Rabinowitz, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Level Lead Exposure and Contingency-Based Responding in Preschoolers: An Exploratory Study

Nelson

Espy

2009

Developmental Neuropsychology

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Two reversal paradigm tasks (spatial reversal and spatial reversal with irrelevant color cues) originally designed to assess contingency-based responding in primates were adapted for use with 139 preschool children with a mean peak blood lead level (BLL) of 4.2 µg/dl (SD = 2.2). Sixty-nine children with BLL ≥ 5 µg/dl and 70 children with BLL of < 5 µg/dl were included. Results indicated that preschool children with low-level lead exposure take longer to learn associations than preschool children with very low levels of lead exposure, and this difference cannot be attributed to increased distractibility or perseverative responding. These results support the use of these measures to assess specific cognitive functions in preschool children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Level Lead Exposure and Contingency-Based Responding in Preschoolers: An Exploratory Study

Nelson

Espy

2009

Developmental Neuropsychology

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“…To illustrate this point a study by Solon et al [51] described a significant relationship between general nutritional status as measured by Fe and folate status and the likelihood that Pb exposure would have a negative impact on the cognitive development of children. A negative Ca balance also negatively affects the dynamics of Pb [40,41].…”

Section: Important Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Alchemist’s Approach to Metal Poisoning: Transforming the Metal Burden

Briner

2014

Toxics

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Metal poisoning is a global problem with humans being exposed to a wide range of metals in varying doses and varying time frames. Traditionally, treatment involves removal of the toxic source or chelation therapy. An intermediate approach is needed. This review outlines the argument for the use of essential metal supplementation as a strategy to induce metallothionein expression and displace the toxic metal from important biological systems, improving the metal burden of the patient. Specific recommendations are given for supplementation with calcium, zinc and vitamin E as a broad strategy to improve the status of those exposed to toxic metals.

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“…Furthermore, recent studies have shown that cognitive deficits and be havioral problems in children still exist, even with blood lead level < 10 μg/dl, and that no threshold below which lead does not cause neurodevelopmental toxicity can be defended [46,47]. Lead is a potent developmental neurotoxin that can af fect multiple neurochemical pathways and interfere with bloodbrain capillary integrity, synaptogenesis, myelina tion, and catecholamine metabolism in the central ner vous system [48]. These multiple potent effects occur in…”

Section: Lead and Adhd Or Adhd-related Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of current evidence on the impact of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and selected metals on attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder in children

Polańska¹,

Jurewicz²,

Hanke³

2013

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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The aim of this review was to investigate the association between attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or AD HD-related symptoms and industrial chemicals, such as organophosphates and organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), lead, mercury and manganese. Medline, PubMed and EBSCO searches were performed to identify the studies that analyzed the association of prenatal and postnatal child exposure to such toxicants and ADHD or ADHD-re lated symptoms. The review is restricted to human studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals since 2000. Most of the presented studies focused on pesticides, PCB and lead. The impact of mercury and manganese was investigated less frequently. The findings indicate that children's exposure to organophosphate pesticides may cause symptoms consistent with pervasive developmental disorder, ADHD or attention problems. Exposures to organochlorine pesticides and PCBs were associated with ADHD-like behaviors such as alertness, quality of alert response, and cost of attention. The studies provided evidence that blood lead level below 10 μg/dl was associated with ADHD or ADHD-related symptoms. Informa tion on the association between exposure to mercury and neurotoxicity is limited, and requires further confirmation in future research. Two studies indicated that exposure to manganese is related to ADHD; such exposure and its impact on children neurodevelopment need to be further investigated. Future studies should use a prospective design with multiple biological samples collected over time for better assessment of exposure and its critical windows. Additionally, inclusion of potential confounding factors and co-exposures is crucial.

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Associations between Cognitive Function, Blood Lead Concentration, and Nutrition among Children in the Central Philippines

Cited by 80 publications

References 36 publications

Low-Level Lead Exposure and Contingency-Based Responding in Preschoolers: An Exploratory Study

Low-Level Lead Exposure and Contingency-Based Responding in Preschoolers: An Exploratory Study

The Alchemist’s Approach to Metal Poisoning: Transforming the Metal Burden

Review of current evidence on the impact of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and selected metals on attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder in children

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