The Alchemist’s Approach to Metal Poisoning: Transforming the Metal Burden

Briner, Wayne

doi:10.3390/toxics2030364

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…It is worth mentioning that iron as part of haemoglobin counteracts the toxic effects of Pb. Its deficiency has been found to be associated with exacerbation of the toxicity of Pb to haemopeotic system [ 227 , 228 ]. Iron deficiency of anaemic persons has been reported to demonstrate the significant impact of Pb compared with a normal iron load [ 227 ].…”

Section: Counteractive Antioxidant Defencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…All this indicates that it plays a protective role against the damage of different metals through reduction in absorption, competing for binding to enzymes and through induction of molecules such as MTs. Besides having positive effects, supplementation of Zn has also been found associated with displacement of essential metals to substitute normal physiological activities [ 228 ]. On one side, where the supplementation of Zn seems to provide protection against oxidative damage of iron in the instance of iron supplementation, long term or higher dosage treatment of Zn has been assocated wth the depletion of copper [ 217 , 245 ].…”

Section: Counteractive Antioxidant Defencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Heavy Metals and Human Health: Mechanistic Insight into Toxicity and Counter Defense System of Antioxidants

Jan

Azam

Siddiqui

et al. 2015

IJMS

943

404

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Heavy metals, which have widespread environmental distribution and originate from natural and anthropogenic sources, are common environmental pollutants. In recent decades, their contamination has increased dramatically because of continuous discharge in sewage and untreated industrial effluents. Because they are non-degradable, they persist in the environment; accordingly, they have received a great deal of attention owing to their potential health and environmental risks. Although the toxic effects of metals depend on the forms and routes of exposure, interruptions of intracellular homeostasis include damage to lipids, proteins, enzymes and DNA via the production of free radicals. Following exposure to heavy metals, their metabolism and subsequent excretion from the body depends on the presence of antioxidants (glutathione, α-tocopherol, ascorbate, etc.) associated with the quenching of free radicals by suspending the activity of enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase). Therefore, this review was written to provide a deep understanding of the mechanisms involved in eliciting their toxicity in order to highlight the necessity for development of strategies to decrease exposure to these metals, as well as to identify substances that contribute significantly to overcome their hazardous effects within the body of living organisms.

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Section: Counteractive Antioxidant Defencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Counteractive Antioxidant Defencementioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals and Human Health: Mechanistic Insight into Toxicity and Counter Defense System of Antioxidants

Jan

Azam

Siddiqui

et al. 2015

IJMS

943

404

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lack of Zn was connected with increased lipid peroxidation in the mitochondrial and microsomal membranes [ 58 ]. Apart from the positive effects, Zn supplementation was stated to be associated with the displacement of other metals, thereby decreasing their concentration in the organism [ 59 ] (e.g., Cu [ 60 ]), and decreasing the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in plasma [ 61 ]. The metal Mn plays an essential role as a cofactor of different enzymes participating in the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Postmyocardial Infarction Patients and Patients Free from Cardiovascular Event

Nowicki

Ślusarska

Prystupa

et al. 2021

Cardiology Research and Practice

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute the first cause of death among the population of developing and developed countries. Atherosclerosis, which is a disorder with multifactorial etiopathogenesis, underlies most CVDs. The available literature includes ample research studies on the influence of classic cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. However, environmental exposure to heavy metals, among other substances, is still an unappreciated risk factor of CVDs. This study aimed to assess the concentration of some heavy metals (copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), and iron (Fe)) in the blood serum of postmyocardial infarction (post-MI) patients and patients free from myocardial infarction (MI) as well as estimate the relationship between the occurrence of MI and increased concentration of heavy metals. The concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, and Fe) was assessed using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique in a group of 146 respondents divided into two groups: post-MI group (study group (SG), n = 74) and group without cardiovascular event (CVE) having a low CV risk (control group (CG), n = 72). The concentration of the analyzed heavy metals was higher in SG. All the heavy metals showed a significant diagnostic value p < 0.001 . The highest value of area under the curve (AUC) was observed for manganese (Mn) (0.955; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.922–0.988), while the lowest value was found for zinc (Zn) (0.691; 95% CI = 0.599–0.782). In one-dimensional models, high concentrations of each of the analyzed heavy metals significantly increased the chances of having MI from 7-fold (Cu) to 128-fold (Mn). All the models containing a particular metal showed a significant and high discrimination value for MI occurrence (AUC 0.72–0.92). Higher concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, and Fe were found to considerably increase the chances of having MI. Considering the increasingly higher environmental exposure to heavy metals in recent times, their concentrations can be distinguished as a potential risk factor of CVDs.

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“…Thus, they fulfill a regulatory capacity and influence transcription, replication, protein synthesis, metabolism, as well as other zinc-dependent biological processes [7]. It has been shown that the ability of animals to recover from CNS injuries or degenerative diseases depends on the deficiency or excess availability of MT-I/-II [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: In This Research We Investigated the Effect Of Pituitrin-izmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is so despite the evidence from the open field observation that the system suffers during moments of low concentration of MT and high concentration of GFAP. This would explain why survival is maximal in MT-and GFAP-rich media [2,[7][8][9][10][11] and possibly why this induced attack causes the respective changes noted in these proteins. GFAP release mirrors injury to astrocytes located both in the white and gray matter and may increase owing to damage to glial cells [35].…”

Section: Fig 2 the Level Of Metallothionein In The Rat Brain Here mentioning

confidence: 99%

Corvitin restores metallothionein and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels in rat brain affected by pituitrin-izadrin

Shiyntum¹,

Dovban²,

Kovalchuk³

et al. 2017

Ukr.Biochem.J.

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In this research, we investigated the effect of pituitrin-izadrin induced injury on the levels of metallothionein (MT) and soluble and filament forms of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the hippocampusA strocytes are amongst the earliest and prominent to express changes under attacks [1]. They are the most numerous nonneuronal cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) and make up about 50% of the volume of the human brain [1,2]. Their functions are known to be critical, such as scavenge transmitters released during synaptic activity, control ion and water homeostasis, release neurotrophic factors, shuttle metabolite, and waste products, and to participate in the formation of the blood-brain-barrier [3,4]. Failure of any of these supportive functions of astrocytes will constitute a threat to neuronal survival. Astrocytes are home to a number of essential proteins of the CNS, including metallothionein and glial fibrillary acidic protein, which presumably carry out some astrocyte functions.Metallothioneins (MTs) are cysteine-rich, low molecular weight, heat stable proteins firstly described by Margoshes [5]. They are largely synthesized in the liver and the kidney in humans but are found at a number of other sites. In the CNS, MT-I and MT-II are conspicuously absent from neuronal populations, yet abundant in fibrous and protoplasmic astrocytes. MT is detectable in the extracellular fluid of the injured brain and astrocytes are capable of secreting MT in a regulatable manner [6].MTs have been implicated as regulatory molecules in gene expression, homeostatic control of cellular metabolism of metals, and cellular adaptation to stress. Thus, they fulfill a regulatory capacity and influence transcription, replication, protein synthesis, metabolism, as well as other zinc-dependent biological processes [7]. It has been shown that the ability of animals to recover from CNS injuries or degenerative diseases depends on the deficiency or excess availability of MT-I/-II [7][8][9][10][11]. MT has equally been demonstrated to be down-regulated in cases of induced intoxication [12] and infection [13] but its correlated effect to other astrocyte proteins has yet to be tested.GFAP is expressed in mature astrocytes in the CNS [14]. It is a member of the family of cytoskeletal proteins and is the primary intermediate filament with a size of 8-9 nm, highly specific to the CNS. However, it has been found outside the CNS in relatively low amounts [15]. It has two physicochemical GFAP forms: water-soluble (sGFAP) and filament (fGFAP) [16]. The sGFAP is unevenly distributed in various brain regions, with the maximum con-

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The Alchemist’s Approach to Metal Poisoning: Transforming the Metal Burden

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Heavy Metals and Human Health: Mechanistic Insight into Toxicity and Counter Defense System of Antioxidants

Heavy Metals and Human Health: Mechanistic Insight into Toxicity and Counter Defense System of Antioxidants

Assessment of Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Postmyocardial Infarction Patients and Patients Free from Cardiovascular Event

Corvitin restores metallothionein and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels in rat brain affected by pituitrin-izadrin

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