Associations between different measurements of sarcopenic obesity and health outcomes among non-frail community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan

Peng, Tao‐Chun; Chen, Wei‐Liang; Chen, Yuan‐Yuei; Chao, Yuan-Ping; Wu, Li Chiu; Kao, Tung‐Wei

doi:10.1017/s0007114521001288

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The negative clinical consequences of SO are of paramount importance. Sarcopenic obesity has been so far identified through various definitions and diagnostic constructs, but it has been consistently demonstrated to be a strong and independent risk factor for frailty, comorbidities and mortality in various highly prevalent disease conditions, as well as for mortality in the general and especially in the older population [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Definition and Diagnostic Criteria for Sarcopenic Obesity: ESPEN and EASO Consensus Statement

et al. 2022

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Introduction: Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) is common in individuals with obesity due to metabolic changes associated with a sedentary lifestyle, adipose tissue derangements, comorbidities (acute and chronic diseases) and during the ageing process. Co-existence of excess adiposity and low muscle mass/function is referred to as sarcopenic obesity (SO), a condition increasingly recognized for its clinical and functional features that negatively influence important patient-centred outcomes. Effective prevention and treatment strategies for SO are urgently needed, but efforts are hampered by the lack of a universally established SO definition and diagnostic criteria. Resulting inconsistencies in the literature also negatively affect the ability to define prevalence as well as clinical relevance of SO for negative health outcomes. Aims and Methods: The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) launched an initiative to reach expert consensus on a definition and diagnostic criteria for SO. The jointly appointed international expert panel proposes that SO is defined as the co-existence of excess adiposity and low muscle mass/function. The diagnosis of SO should be considered in at-risk individuals who screen positive for a co-occurring elevated body mass index or waist circumference, and markers of low skeletal muscle mass and function (risk factors, clinical symptoms, or validated questionnaires). Diagnostic procedures should initially include assessment of skeletal muscle function, followed by assessment of body composition where presence of excess adiposity and low skeletal muscle mass or related body compartments confirm the diagnosis of SO. Individuals with SO should be further stratified into stage I in the absence of clinical complications or stage II if cases are associated with complications linked to altered body composition or skeletal muscle dysfunction. Conclusions: ESPEN and EASO, as well as the expert international panel, advocate that the proposed SO definition and diagnostic criteria be implemented into routine clinical practice. The panel also encourages prospective studies in addition to secondary analysis of existing data sets, to study the predictive value, treatment efficacy and clinical impact of this SO definition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Definition and Diagnostic Criteria for Sarcopenic Obesity: ESPEN and EASO Consensus Statement

et al. 2022

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“…Among them, 17 [ 6 , 9 , 13 , 15 , 20 – 32 ] were cohort studies, and 29 [ 7 – 8 , 10 , 14 , 17 , 33 – 56 ] were cross-sectional studies. Articles published in the last 3 years (post-2020) accounted for 28 [ 6 – 7 , 9 – 10 , 15 , 20 – 21 , 23 , 26 – 31 , 36 , 39 , 41 , 44 – 47 , 49 – 50 , 52 – 56 ] studies. The total number of participants included in this review was 71,757 from studies with sample sizes ranging from 64 [ 34 ] to 7,852 [ 6 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The included studies used varying diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia (low muscle mass, low muscle strength, or low muscle strength and mass) combined with different obesity criteria (percentage of body fat [PBF], BMI, or waist circumference [WC]) to diagnose SO. Among them, 14 [ 6 – 8 , 10 , 13 , 17 , 20 , 22 , 28 , 34 , 45 , 47 , 51 , 54 ] studies used low muscle mass as the diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia, 10 [ 9 , 20 , 26 , 29 , 40 – 41 , 49 – 50 , 55 – 56 ] studies used low muscle strength as the diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia, and 20 [ 14 – 15 , 21 – 25 , 27 , 30 – 31 , 35 – 36 , 39 , 42 – 44 , 46 , 48 , 52 – 53 ] studies used low muscle mass plus low muscle strength as the diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia. In addition, one [ 6 ] study, a multicenter population study, did not provide a specific cutoff for their obesity diagnostic criteria (PBF).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in the older non-hospitalized population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Luo,

Wang,

Tang

et al. 2024

BMC Geriatr

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Background Sarcopenic obesity emerges as a risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes in non-hospitalized older adults, including physical disabilities, metabolic diseases, and even mortality. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the overall SO prevalence in non-hospitalized adults aged ≥ 65 years and assessed the sociodemographic, clinicobiological, and lifestyle factors related to SO. Methods We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for studies reporting the prevalence of SO from database inception to October 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, evaluated the study quality, and extracted the data. Both fixed- and random-effects models were used in the meta-analysis to estimate the pooled SO prevalence and perform subgroup analyses. Publication and sensitivity bias analyses were performed to test the robustness of the associations. Results Among 46 studies eligible for review and a total of 71,757 non-hospitalized older adults, the combined prevalence of SO was 14% (95% CI:11–17%, I2 = 99.5%, P < 0.01). Subgroup analysis according to lifestyle factors demonstrated that the SO prevalence was 17% (95% CI: 8–29%, I2 = 99.5%, P < 0.01) in older adults without exercise habits. Regarding clinicobiological factors, older adults with a history of falls (15% [95% CI: 10–22%, I2 = 82%, P < 0.01]), two or more chronic diseases (19% [95% CI: 10–29%, I2 = 97%, P < 0.01]), functional impairment (33% [95% CI: 29–37%, I2 = 0%, P = 0.95]), cognitive impairment (35% [95% CI: 9–65%, I2 = 83%, P = 0.02]), osteoporosis (20% [95% CI: 8–35%, I2 = 96%, P < 0.01]), high fasting glucose level (17% [95% CI: 1–49%, I2 = 98%, P < 0.01]), or the use of antipsychotics (13% [95% CI: 2–28%, I2 = 0%, P = 0.32]) exhibited a higher SO prevalence. Conclusion SO prevalence is high among non-hospitalized older adults, especially those with functional and cognitive impairments. Thus, SO is a potential problem for the aging population; implementation of planned interventions in the community is needed to reduce the prevalence and adverse outcomes of SO.

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“…Sarcopenic obesity has been reported to be an independent risk factor for mortality and various diseases in older individuals [36][37][38]. Kim et al [39] suggest that sarcopenic obesity is not a simple combination of sarcopenia and obesity but is rather a more complex condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Sarcopenic Obesity on Severe Postoperative Complications in Patients with Gastric Cancer Undergoing Gastrectomy

Yamagishi,

Okamura,

Kang

et al. 2023

Dig Surg

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Introduction: Several studies have indicated that sarcopenia affects the short- and long-term outcomes of cancer patients, including those with gastric cancer. In recent years, sarcopenic obesity and its effects have been reported in cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of sarcopenic obesity on postoperative complications in patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included 155 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer from January 2015 to July 2021. Sarcopenia was defined by the psoas muscle index (<6.36 cm2/m2 in men and <3.92 cm2/m2 in women), which measures the iliopsoas muscle area at the lumbar L3 level using computed tomography. Obesity was defined by body mass index (≥25). Patients with both sarcopenia and obesity were defined as the sarcopenic obesity group and others as the non-sarcopenic obesity group. Severe postoperative complications were defined as Clavien–Dindo classification IIIa or higher. Results: Of the 155 patients, 26 (16.8%) had sarcopenic obesity. The incidence of severe postoperative complications was significantly higher in the sarcopenic obesity group (30.8% vs. 10.9%; P = 0.014). Multivariate analysis indicated that sarcopenic obesity was an independent risk factor for severe postoperative complications (odds ratio, 3.950; 95% confidence interval, 1.390–11.200; P = 0.010). Conclusion: Sarcopenic obesity is an independent risk factor for severe postoperative complications.

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Associations between different measurements of sarcopenic obesity and health outcomes among non-frail community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Definition and Diagnostic Criteria for Sarcopenic Obesity: ESPEN and EASO Consensus Statement

Definition and Diagnostic Criteria for Sarcopenic Obesity: ESPEN and EASO Consensus Statement

Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in the older non-hospitalized population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Impact of Sarcopenic Obesity on Severe Postoperative Complications in Patients with Gastric Cancer Undergoing Gastrectomy

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