Associations Between Financial Strain and Emotional Well-Being With Physiological Responses to Acute Mental Stress

Steptoe, Andrew; Emch, Sadie; Hamer, Mark

doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000867

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…A central implication of this study is that financial stressors were most relevant to the health of people who identified financial security as important to their well-being. People who value financial security may appraise financial stressors as particularly threatening, aligning well with stress appraisal theory (18). Notably, the importance of financial security was not independently associated with mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The importance and salience of financial stressors are also likely to play a role in the health relevance of financial stressors. Stress appraisal theory (18) highlights the importance of people's cognitive appraisals in their responses to stressful life events. When stressors are appraised as more threatening or people feel unable to cope with a stressor, they are particularly damaging to people's mental and physical well-being.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Financial Stressors During the Great Recession and Subsequent Risk of Early Mortality

Bourassa¹

2021

Psychosom Med

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Objective: The Great Recession in 2008 was a period of severe economic upheaval and myriad financial stressors. Financial stress is associated with poorer health, but for whom is this stress the most health-relevant? The current study examined the association between financial stressors and mortality, as well as whether this association varied based on people's financial status. Methods: Participants from the Midlife in the United States study (n = 2760) were assessed before (2004)(2005) and after (2013-2014) the Great Recession (2008). Mortality status was then tracked from 2013 to 2017. Results: People who experienced more financial stressors during the Great Recession were at greater risk of early mortality over the 4-year follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14 [1.00-1.29], p = .046). This association was moderated by the importance of financial security (B = 0.34 [0.08-0.59], p = .009). Financial stressors were more strongly associated with mortality among people who reported that financial security was important to their well-being (HR = 1.29 [1.08-1.54], p = .006) compared with people who reported it was not (HR = 1.02 [0.82-1.26], p = .89). Household income and subjective financial status did not moderate the association between financial stressors and mortality. Conclusions: Experiencing financial stressors during the Great Recession was associated with increased mortality over the 4-year followup period, particularly for people who reported financial security was important to their well-being. Interventions designed to reduce financial stress to improve health may benefit from targeting people for whom such stressors are particularly important.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial Stressors During the Great Recession and Subsequent Risk of Early Mortality

Bourassa¹

2021

Psychosom Med

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“…Debt in our study was, in contrast, significantly associated with poor health. The link between financial strain and poor health is well-established in the international literature (Artazcoz et al 2021 ; Prentice et al 2017 ; Steptoe et al 2020 ). Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain this link: lower financial resources may decrease access to healthcare, utilization of healthcare services and treatment adherence (Grafova 2018b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Such stressors are, for example, financial obligations for family members or being in debt. Financial strain has been linked to health outcomes, such as poor self-reported health (Artazcoz et al 2021 ; Prentice et al 2017 ), poor mental health (Steptoe et al 2020 ), and poor sleep (Hall et al 2009 ; Steptoe et al 2020 ) across international studies. With respect to RMG workers in Bangladesh, qualitative research suggests that workers worry about not earning enough money to financially support their families (Akhter et al 2017b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work–family conflict, financial issues and their association with self-reported health complaints among ready-made garment workers in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Dreher

Yusuf

Ashraf

et al. 2022

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Objectives This study aims to quantify the degree of work–family conflict (WFC) and financial issues among ready-made garment (RMG) workers in Bangladesh and to investigate their potential associations with self-reported health outcomes. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 1118 RMG workers in labor colonies in Dhaka, Bangladesh, in February and March 2021. Descriptive analyses were performed to characterize WFC (i.e., family life disturbing the job or facing problems in family due to the job) and financial issues (i.e., savings, debt, financial obligations, financial support). We ran multivariable Poisson regression models to examine possible associations between WFC and financial issues and workers’ health (self-reported general health and 10 specific health complaints). Results We found low levels of WFC, low levels of savings, moderate levels of debt, and high levels of financial obligations: virtually all workers agreed they had to keep their job to financially support their spouse, children or other relatives. Only about a third of workers expected they would be able to receive financial support in case of a job loss. Work–family conflict was positively associated with poor health but not consistently with specific symptoms. Financial support was negatively associated, whereas being indebted was weakly positively associated with poor health. Conclusions Our findings suggest low levels of WFC among RMG workers but high levels of financial obligations. Work–family conflict was positively associated with poor health, but not consistently with specific symptoms. Being indebted was weakly positively associated with poor health. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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“…Over the past half century, numerous studies, literature reviews, and meta-analyses have linked unemployment with poorer mental health (Brand, Levy, and Gallo 2008; Brand 2015; Burgard, Brand, and House 2007; Burgard and Kalousova 2015; Crowe, Butterworth, and Leach 2016; Dooley, Catalano, and Wilson 1994; Ezzy 1993; Fenwick and Tausig 2007; Gore 1978; Kessler, House, and Turner 1987; Lennon and Limonic 2009; Liem and Liem 1978; Miller and Hoppe 1994; Milner, Page, and LaMontagne 2014; Steptoe, Emch, and Hamer 2020; Strandh et al 2014; Warr 1987; Warr, Jackson, and Banks 1988). While the association between unemployment and mental health is clearly bidirectional, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses from around the world and across research disciplines (e.g., economics, psychology, public health, and sociology) and different periods of instability (e.g., during recessions) have consistently shown that people who experience unemployment tend to exhibit higher rates of anxiety, depression, somatization, non-specific psychological distress, and suicidal behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandemic Job Separation and Psychological Distress: Modeling Chains of Adversity

Hill,

Leppard,

Miller

et al. 2023

Social Currents

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Although recent studies have linked pandemic unemployment with poorer mental health, the mechanisms underlying this association remain understudied. In this paper, we develop a mediation model to explain why pandemic job separation might undermine mental health. Using national data from the 2021 Crime, Health, and Politics Survey (n = 1,258), we test the indirect effects of pandemic job separation on psychological distress through several mechanisms. Mediation analyses reveal compound indirect effects of pandemic job separation on psychological distress through the primary pathway of financial strain and the secondary pathways of social support, self-esteem, mastery, religious struggles, and sleep disturbance. Absent the indirect effect of pandemic job separation through financial strain, we would have failed to observe any simple indirect effects through the other proposed mechanisms. Formal moderated mediation analyses also indicate that our observed indirect effects are invariant to subgroup differences in current employment status, education, and household income. In short, our indirect effects are observed for those respondents who were able to regain employment, those with college degrees, and those with the most financial resources. Our results suggest that the temporary expansion of public assistance has been insufficient to offset widespread unemployment and financial hardship during a global pandemic.

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Associations Between Financial Strain and Emotional Well-Being With Physiological Responses to Acute Mental Stress

Cited by 11 publications

References 50 publications

Financial Stressors During the Great Recession and Subsequent Risk of Early Mortality

Financial Stressors During the Great Recession and Subsequent Risk of Early Mortality

Work–family conflict, financial issues and their association with self-reported health complaints among ready-made garment workers in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Pandemic Job Separation and Psychological Distress: Modeling Chains of Adversity

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