Associations between maternal obesity and offspring gut microbiome in the first year of life

Gilley, Stephanie; Ruebel, Meghan L.; Sims, Clark; Zhang, Ying; Turner, Donald; Lan, Renny S.; Pack, Lindsay; Piccolo, Brian D.; Chintapalli, Sree V.; Abraham, Ann; Bode, Lars; Andres, Aline; Shankar, Kartik

doi:10.1111/ijpo.12921

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Preliminary research on pregnant women with depression and anxiety has identified a strong link between modified bacterial abundance in the gut microbiota and inflammatory responses [ 133 ]. An equal association was observed with gestational diabetes mellitus [ 134 ], preeclampsia [ 135 ], maternal obesity [ 136 ], and fetal physical and mental developmental problems [ 137 ]. Therefore, the gut microbiota and the GBA play a crucial role during the prenatal period, when the maternal and fetal microbiota are sensitive, and any changes in the microbiota could affect fetal brain development.…”

Section: The Role Of the Gba In The Intergenerational Effects Of Brai...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Gut-Brain Axis in Early Brain Development

Muhammad

Fan

Wang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Millions of nerves, immune factors, and hormones in the circulatory system connect the gut and the brain. In bidirectional communication, the gut microbiota play a crucial role in the gut-brain axis (GBA), wherein microbial metabolites of the gut microbiota regulate intestinal homeostasis, thereby influencing brain activity. Dynamic changes are observed in gut microbiota as well as during brain development. Altering the gut microbiota could serve as a therapeutic target for treating abnormalities associated with brain development. Neurophysiological development and immune regulatory disorders are affected by changes that occur in gut microbiota composition and function. The molecular aspects relevant to the GBA could help develop targeted therapies for neurodevelopmental diseases. Herein, we review the findings of recent studies on the role of the GBA in its underlying molecular mechanisms in the early stages of brain development. Furthermore, we discuss the bidirectional regulation of gut microbiota from mother to infant and the potential signaling pathways and roles of posttranscriptional modifications in brain functions. Our review summarizes the role of molecular GBA in early brain development and related disorders, providing cues for novel therapeutic targets.

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Section: The Role Of the Gba In The Intergenerational Effects Of Brai...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Gut-Brain Axis in Early Brain Development

Muhammad

Fan

Wang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Considering that the first microbial exposure of offspring is the maternal microbiota during pregnancy, it can be speculated that the gut microbiome and the subsequent metabolic and immunological programming are influenced by maternal nutritional status. In a cohort study performed on 170 pregnant women, infants born to overweight or obese mothers had a lower abundance of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria and lower fecal butyric acid levels at 1 month of age, which may contribute to predicting the risk of elevated adiposity later in life (Gilley et al, 2022). Germ-free mice colonized with stool microbes from 2-week-old human infants born to mothers with obesity had increased intestinal permeability, impaired macrophage activity and increased periportal inflammation compared with those colonized with stool microbes from infants born to mothers with normal weight.…”

Section: Altered Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal obesity and the impact of associated early-life inflammation on long-term health of offspring

Denizli

Capitano

Kua

2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The prevalence of obesity is increasingly common in the United States, with ~25% of women of reproductive age being overweight or obese. Metaflammation, a chronic low grade inflammatory state caused by altered metabolism, is often present in pregnancies complicated by obesity. As a result, the fetuses of mothers who are obese are exposed to an in-utero environment that has altered nutrients and cytokines. Notably, both human and preclinical studies have shown that children born to mothers with obesity have higher risks of developing chronic illnesses affecting various organ systems. In this review, the authors sought to present the role of cytokines and inflammation during healthy pregnancy and determine how maternal obesity changes the inflammatory landscape of the mother, leading to fetal reprogramming. Next, the negative long-term impact on offspring’s health in numerous disease contexts, including offspring’s risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders (autism, attention deficit and hyperactive disorder), metabolic diseases (obesity, type 2 diabetes), atopy, and malignancies will be discussed along with the potential of altered immune/inflammatory status in offspring as a contributor of these diseases. Finally, the authors will list critical knowledge gaps in the field of developmental programming of health and diseases in the context of offspring of mothers with obesity, particularly the understudied role of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

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“…Studies in humans estimate that the odds of developing childhood obesity for infants born to mothers with obesity are between 1.5 and 4 times higher when compared to infants born to mothers of normal weight ( 2 , 14 , 57 ). Research has shown that offspring born to women with obesity had lower levels of fecal butyrate as well as reduced abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria ( 58 ). Surprisingly, and in an opposite direction of what we would have expected, researchers also found that the microbiome of infants born to mothers with obesity had greater alpha-diversity at 12 months when compared to infants born to mothers of normal weight, and this alpha-diversity moderately predicted greater adiposity at 12 months of age ( 58 ).…”

Section: Maternal Obesity and The Infant Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has shown that offspring born to women with obesity had lower levels of fecal butyrate as well as reduced abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria ( 58 ). Surprisingly, and in an opposite direction of what we would have expected, researchers also found that the microbiome of infants born to mothers with obesity had greater alpha-diversity at 12 months when compared to infants born to mothers of normal weight, and this alpha-diversity moderately predicted greater adiposity at 12 months of age ( 58 ). Thus, it seems that the maternal obesity-associated development of the infant gut microbiome may contribute to the intergenerational transmission of the obesity phenotype ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Maternal Obesity and The Infant Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the gut microbiome in the intergenerational transmission of the obesity phenotype: A narrative review

Tang

Marroquin

2022

Front. Med.

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Obesity is considered an epidemic by the World Health Organization. In particular, maternal obesity can affect the development of obesity and other related metabolic disorders in infants. Recently, both animal and human studies have pointed to the importance of the gut microbiome in facilitating the transmission of the obesity phenotype from mother to offspring. The gut microbiome changes significantly during the progression of pregnancy, and the microbiota of the amniotic fluid and placenta have recently been shown to colonize the infant gut in utero. Microbial composition, diversity, and richness are significantly altered by maternal obesity, which in turn affects the infant’s acquisition of the gut microbiome and their risk to develop metabolic disorders. C-section has also been shown to affect the colonization of the infant gut and offspring metabolic and immune health. This narrative review seeks to discuss the role of the gut microbiome in the transmission of the obesity phenotype from mother to child, as well as how birth delivery, breastfeeding, and probiotic interventions may modulate this relationship.

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Associations between maternal obesity and offspring gut microbiome in the first year of life

Cited by 29 publications

References 67 publications

The Molecular Gut-Brain Axis in Early Brain Development

The Molecular Gut-Brain Axis in Early Brain Development

Maternal obesity and the impact of associated early-life inflammation on long-term health of offspring

The role of the gut microbiome in the intergenerational transmission of the obesity phenotype: A narrative review

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