Associations Between Measures of Physical Activity and Muscle Size and Strength: A Systematic Review

Rostron, Zachary P. J.; Green, Rodney A.; Kingsley, Michael; Zacharias, Anita

doi:10.1016/j.arrct.2021.100124

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Youth who reported at least one parent having a university degree in comparison with youth whose parents have high school or lower education, and youth who engaged in at least one day of strength training in comparison to youth who reported zero days of strength training reported more minutes of PA. Although not many studies have been carried out to ascertain factors that are associated with PA duration reported using EMAs by youth, these findings are consistent with existing evidence [ 52 – 55 ]. Finally, the EMA model also showed that visible minority youth reported lower duration of PA in comparison with youth who identified themselves as Canadian, a finding that is consistent with previous studies that have examined differences of PA among ethnicities [ 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Traditional surveys versus ecological momentary assessments: Digital citizen science approaches to improve ethical physical activity surveillance among youth

Ibrahim,

Hammami,

Katapally

2023

PLOS Digit Health

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The role of physical activity (PA) in minimizing non-communicable diseases is well established. Measurement bias can be reduced via ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) deployed via citizen-owned smartphones. This study aims to engage citizen scientists to understand how PA reported digitally by retrospective and prospective measures varies within the same cohort. This study used the digital citizen science approach to collaborate with citizen scientists, aged 13–21 years over eight consecutive days via a custom-built app. Citizen scientists were recruited through schools in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada in 2018 (August 31—December 31). Retrospective PA was assessed through a survey, which was adapted from three validated PA surveys to suit smartphone-based data collection, and prospective PA was assessed through time-triggered EMAs deployed consecutively every day, from day 1 to day 8, including weekdays and weekends. Data analyses included paired t-tests to understand the difference in PA reported retrospectively and prospectively, and linear regressions to assess contextual and demographic factors associated with PA reported retrospectively and prospectively. Findings showed a significant difference between PA reported retrospectively and prospectively (p = 0.001). Ethnicity (visible minorities: β = - 0.911, 95% C.I. = -1.677, -0.146), parental education (university: β = 0.978, 95% C.I. = 0.308, 1.649), and strength training (at least one day: β = 0.932, 95% C.I. = 0.108, 1.755) were associated with PA reported prospectively. In contrast, the number of active friends (at least one friend: β = 0.741, 95% C.I. = 0.026, 1.458) was associated with retrospective PA. Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of mortality globally, which requires accurate monitoring to inform population health interventions. In this digital age, where ubiquitous devices provide real-time engagement capabilities, digital citizen science can transform how we measure behaviours using citizen-owned ubiquitous digital tools to support prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Traditional surveys versus ecological momentary assessments: Digital citizen science approaches to improve ethical physical activity surveillance among youth

Ibrahim,

Hammami,

Katapally

2023

PLOS Digit Health

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“…Murphy et al identified that using PA to improve aerobic fitness appears to be the most effective at maintaining healthy body composition in college-age women [ 53 ]. A study that objectively measured PA found a moderate association between lower limb muscle size and muscle strength [ 54 ]. Similarly, PA can also strengthen the vertebrae and discs, which is an essential requirement as weak spinal strength is becoming a severe PF issue in teenagers and adults [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation and Change in Physical Activity and Physical Fitness across Four Years of College Students after One Year of COVID-19 Lockdown

Tao

et al. 2022

Healthcare

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The relationship between physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) has been well established among college students. However, the impact of this relationship after 1 year of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown measures is unclear. This study aimed to test the relationship between PA and PF, exploring the trend across four years, the different components of PF related to PA, and their determinants, by analyzing specific items. A total of 1506 university students (19.48 ± 1.35 years old, 55.8% male) in years 1–4 at two comprehensive universities in Shanghai were recruited after one year of COVID restrictions and asked to complete the PF measurements and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ Chinese Short version). The PA level is categorized into three types of intensity (low-moderate-high), and the level of PF is represented by the total test score of each item. Results show that PA was significantly positively correlated with PF; PA levels significantly predicted 1000m-run, 50m-sprint, and standing-long-jump in males, and 800m-sprint and sit-ups in females. Males predominantly had high-intensity PA, whereas females maintained moderate-intensity PA over four academic years. Meanwhile, PA and PF both trended downward as academic years increased in males and females, which could be attributed to a decline in high-intensity PA. The following two recommendations were obtained from the study: first, college students should engage in high-intensity PA activities after the end of the epidemic. Second, colleges offer physical education classes for four academic years of college students to promote PA and PF.

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“…A3). Stronger legs could indicate higher levels of physical activity [ 30 ]. But physical activity alone has been reported to be poorly associated with balance performance [ 31 , 32 ], which supports the independent importance for reduced strength itself as a physical motive for using the stiffening strategy as a response to unpredicted surface perturbations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased co-contraction reaction during a surface perturbation is associated with unsuccessful postural control among older adults

et al. 2022

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Background As a strategy to maintain postural control, the stiffening strategy (agonist-antagonist co-contractions) is often considered dysfunctional and associated with poor physical capacity. The aim was to investigate whether increased stiffening is associated with unsuccessful postural control during an unpredictable surface perturbation, and which sensory and motor variables that explain postural stiffening. Methods A sample of 34 older adults, 75.8 ± 3.8 years, was subjected to an unpredicted surface perturbation with the postural task to keep a feet-in-place strategy. The participants also completed a thorough sensory- and motor test protocol. During the surface perturbation, electromyography was measured from tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius to further calculate a co-contraction index during the feed-forward and feedback period. A binary logistic regression was done with the nominal variable, if the participant succeeded in the postural task or not, set as dependent variable and the co-contraction indexes set as independent variables. Further, the variables from the sensory and motor testing were set as independent variables in two separate Orthogonal Projections of Latent Structures (OPLS)-models, one with the feed-forward- and the other with the feedback co-contraction index as dependent variable. Results Higher levels of ankle joint stiffening during the feedback, but not the feed-forward period was associated with postural task failure. Feedback stiffening was explained by having slow non-postural reaction times, poor leg muscle strength and being female whereas feed-forward stiffening was not explained by sensory and motor variables. Conclusions When subjected to an unpredicted surface perturbation, individuals with higher feedback stiffening had poorer postural control outcome, which was explained by poorer physical capacity. The level of feed-forward stiffening prior the perturbation was not associated with postural control outcome nor the investigated sensory and motor variables. The intricate causal relationships between physical capacity, stiffening and postural task success remains subject for future research.

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Associations Between Measures of Physical Activity and Muscle Size and Strength: A Systematic Review

Cited by 14 publications

References 99 publications

Traditional surveys versus ecological momentary assessments: Digital citizen science approaches to improve ethical physical activity surveillance among youth

Traditional surveys versus ecological momentary assessments: Digital citizen science approaches to improve ethical physical activity surveillance among youth

Correlation and Change in Physical Activity and Physical Fitness across Four Years of College Students after One Year of COVID-19 Lockdown

Increased co-contraction reaction during a surface perturbation is associated with unsuccessful postural control among older adults

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