Associations between Repeated Measures of Maternal Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Thyroid Hormone Parameters during Pregnancy

Johns, Lauren E.; Ferguson, Kelly K.; McElrath, Thomas F.; Mukherjee, Bhramar; Meeker, John D.

doi:10.1289/ehp170

Cited by 90 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Previous studies of this case-control study population have characterized distributions of BPA and thyroid hormone levels by study visit of sample collection (Cantonwine et al 2015; Johns et al 2016). The overall detection rate of BPA in our study sample was 81.1%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overall detection rate of BPA in our study sample was 81.1%. Geometric means and standard deviations for all thyroid hormones by study visit were calculated and presented in a previous study (Johns et al 2016). In Table 1., we present selected percentiles of BPA concentrations by demographic characteristics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies of this cohort, exposures to environmental phthalates and health outcomes such as preterm birth were investigated (Ferguson et al 2014b), in addition to markers of thyroid function (Johns et al 2016). The initial LifeCodes birth cohort enrolled 1600 women between 2006 and 2008, and of those, 1,181 pregnant women were recruited and followed to term, and delivered live, singleton infants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that previous analyses of this cohort have investigated the relationship between phthalates and thyroid hormone parameters (Johns et al 2016), we explored the potential influence of phthalates on the relationship between BPA and thyroid hormone parameters. We selected phthalates that were previously shown to be associated with thyroid hormones, and adjusted for individual phthalate metabolites (mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate [MEHP], mono-iso-butyl phthalate [MiBP], and mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate [MCPP]) as a covariate in our repeated measures analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thyroid hormone parameters during pregnancy in relation to urinary bisphenol A concentrations: A repeated measures study

Aung

Johns

Ferguson

et al. 2017

Environment International

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Background Maternal supply of thyroid hormones during pregnancy serves a critical role in fetal development. Although animal and in vitro studies provide evidence for thyroid hormone disruption as a result of bisphenol A (BPA) exposure, there is still a lack of evidence in human studies, particularly in the context of pregnancy. Objectives We aimed to explore the associations between urinary BPA concentrations and plasma thyroid hormone parameters during gestation in pregnant women, and also investigated potential windows of vulnerability during gestation. Methods Our study population included 116 cases of preterm birth and 323 controls from a nested case-control study. We measured BPA in urine and thyroid hormone parameters in plasma samples collected at up to four study visits during pregnancy (median for each visit: 9.64, 17.9, 26.0, and 35.1 weeks gestation). We used linear mixed models for repeated measures analyses, and multivariate linear regression models stratified by study visit to explore potential windows of susceptibility. Results In our repeated measures analysis, BPA and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were inversely associated. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in BPA was associated with an 8.21 % decrease in TSH (95% confidence interval [CI]: −14.2, −1.83), and a 4.79% increase in free T4 (95% CI: 0.82, 8.92). BPA and TSH were also inversely associated in our cross-sectional analyses at visits 3 and 4. Conclusions Our results suggest that TSH is inversely associated with urinary BPA in a consistent manner across pregnancy. Disruption of TSH levels during pregnancy can potentially impact child development and interfere with normal birth outcomes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Thyroid hormone parameters during pregnancy in relation to urinary bisphenol A concentrations: A repeated measures study

Aung

Johns

Ferguson

et al. 2017

Environment International

Self Cite

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“…2015 16 observed positive correlations between MBP, MBzP, and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) and FT4 concentrations in the first trimester of gestation. A repeated measures analysis (median 10, 18, 26, and 35 weeks of gestation) 27 revealed that MEHP and mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP) were positively related to TT4 and FT4, respectively, whereas MEHP, mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP) and MCPP were negatively associated to TSH. Therefore, these findings suggested that the direction of the associations of THs phthalates with THs phthalates varied during pregnancy 27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Prenatal Phthalate Exposure on Thyroid Hormone Concentrations Beginning at The Embryonic Stage

Gao

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Limited studies have consistently shown an association of phthalates exposure with thyroid hormones (THs) in pregnant women. However, it remains unknown on which specific phthalates can affect THs and whether any effects could differ by gestational age. In the present study, we investigated associations between serum concentrations of phthalate monoesters [monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-(n + iso)-butyl phthalate (MBP) and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP)] and THs [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4) and free thyroxine (FT4)] in Chinese pregnant women. 1,397 women were recruited from the China-Anhui Birth Cohort. Maternal serum samples were collected and used to measure phthalate metabolites and THs. Covariate-adjusted linear regression analyses showed that natural log (Ln)-transferred concentrations of MBP and LnMEHP were negatively associated with TT4 (β = −0.277 and –0.461, respectively; p < 0.001). Stratification analyses by gestational weeks showed significant associations of LnMBP and LnMEHP with TT4 in gestational weeks 5 to 8, 9 to 12, and 13 to 20. Our findings suggest an association of serum phthalates with lower TT4. The influence of MBP and MEHP on TT4 concentrations throughout the early pregnancy may begin from the embryonic stage (gestational weeks 5 to 8).

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Gestational thyroid hormones and autism‐related traits in the EARLI and HOME studies

Zhong,

Rando,

Patti

et al. 2024

Autism Research

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Thyroid hormones are essential for neurodevelopment. Few studies have considered associations with quantitatively measured autism spectrum disorder (ASD)‐related traits, which may help elucidate associations for a broader population. Participants were drawn from two prospective pregnancy cohorts: the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI), enrolling pregnant women who already had a child with ASD, and the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, following pregnant women from the greater Cincinnati, OH area. Gestational thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured in mid‐pregnancy 16 (±3) weeks gestation serum samples. ASD‐related traits were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) at ages 3–8 years. The association was examined using quantile regression, adjusting for maternal and sociodemographic factors. 278 participants (132 from EARLI, 146 from HOME) were included. TSH distributions were similar across cohorts, while FT4 levels were higher in EARLI compared to HOME. In pooled analyses, particularly for those in the highest SRS quantile (95th percentile), higher FT4 levels were associated with increasing SRS scores (β = 5.21, 95% CI = 0.93, 9.48), and higher TSH levels were associated with decreasing SRS scores (β = −6.94, 95% CI = −11.04, −2.83). The association between TSH and SRS remained significant in HOME for the 95% percentile of SRS scores (β = −6.48, 95% CI = −12.16, −0.80), but not EARLI. Results for FT4 were attenuated when examined in the individual cohorts. Our results add to evidence that gestational thyroid hormones may be associated with ASD‐related outcomes by suggesting that relationships may differ across the distribution of ASD‐related traits and by familial likelihood of ASD.

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Associations between Repeated Measures of Maternal Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Thyroid Hormone Parameters during Pregnancy

Cited by 90 publications

References 61 publications

Thyroid hormone parameters during pregnancy in relation to urinary bisphenol A concentrations: A repeated measures study

Thyroid hormone parameters during pregnancy in relation to urinary bisphenol A concentrations: A repeated measures study

Effects of Prenatal Phthalate Exposure on Thyroid Hormone Concentrations Beginning at The Embryonic Stage

Gestational thyroid hormones and autism‐related traits in the EARLI and HOME studies

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