Effects of Prenatal Phthalate Exposure on Thyroid Hormone Concentrations Beginning at The Embryonic Stage

Gao, Hui; Wu, Wanke; Xu, Yuanyuan; Zhang, Jin; Bao, Huihui; Zhu, Peng; Su, Puyu; Sheng, Jie; Hao, Jiahu

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13672-x

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…2004 ). Prenatal exposure to phthalates has been associated with changes in circulating thyroid hormone and low thyroid function in pregnant women, including during early pregnancy ( Gao et al. 2017 ; Johns et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phthalate and Bisphenol Exposure during Pregnancy and Offspring Nonverbal IQ

Dries

Guxens

Spaan³

et al. 2020

Environ Health Perspect

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Background: Prenatal exposures to phthalates and bisphenols are associated with impaired brain development in animals. However, epidemiological studies investigating the association between prenatal phthalate or bisphenol exposure and cognition have produced mixed findings and mostly had modest sample sizes and measured the exposure during the third trimester. Objective: We examined the association between pregnancy maternal urinary biomarkers of phthalate or bisphenol exposure and nonverbal intelligence quotient (IQ) in children 6 years of age. Method: The study sample consisted of 1,282 mother–child pairs participating in the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort in Rotterdam, Netherlands (enrollment 2002–2006). We measured maternal urinary concentrations of 18 phthalate metabolites and 8 bisphenols at , 18–25, and of gestation. Child nonverbal IQ was measured at 6 years of age using the Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test–Revised. Linear regression models were fit for each of the three collection phases separately, the three collection phases jointly, and for the averaged prenatal exposure across pregnancy. Results: Higher urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites during early pregnancy were associated with lower child nonverbal IQ score [e.g., B per 10-fold increase in summed low-molecular (95% CI: , )]. This association remained unchanged when adjusted for mid and late pregnancy exposures. We also observed an inverse association between late pregnancy di- n -octyl phthalate (DNOP) exposure and nonverbal IQ. Maternal urinary concentrations of bisphenols were not associated with child nonverbal IQ. There was no effect estimate modification by sex. Conclusions: We did not observe that maternal biomarkers of bisphenol exposure are associated with nonverbal IQ. We found that phthalate exposure in early pregnancy and DNOP exposure in late pregnancy are associated with lower nonverbal IQ scores in children. Our results might suggest that particularly early pregnancy is a sensitive window of phthalate exposure, but future studies are needed to replicate our findings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6047

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2009 ; Bonefeld-Jørgensen et al. 2007 ; Gao et al. 2017 ; Ghisari and Bonefeld-Jorgensen 2009 ; Lyche et al.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Phthalate and Bisphenol Exposure during Pregnancy and Offspring Nonverbal IQ

Dries

Guxens

Spaan³

et al. 2020

Environ Health Perspect

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“…In the U.S. children (N = 1493) of 6–15 years of age, with reported attention deficit disorder (ADD) or Learning Disability (LD), it has been demonstrated an association between phthalates and these disorders, with a prevalence in girls than boys [ 139 ]. The mechanism underlying this effect may rely on the disruption of thyroid system during pregnancy [ 140 , 141 ].…”

Section: Toxicological Aspects and Human Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review on the Presence of Phthalates in Food and Evidence of Their Biological Impact

Giuliani

Zuccarini

Cichelli

et al. 2020

IJERPH

246

119

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Phthalates are a huge class of chemicals with a wide spectrum of industrial uses, from the manufacture of plastics to food contact applications, children’s toys, and medical devices. People and animals can be exposed through different routes (i.e., ingestion, inhalation, dermal, or iatrogenic exposure), as these compounds can be easily released from plastics to water, food, soil, air, making them ubiquitous environmental contaminants. In the last decades, phthalates and their metabolites have proven to be of concern, particularly in products for pregnant women or children. Moreover, many authors reported high concentrations of phthalates in soft drinks, mineral waters, wine, oil, ready-to-eat meals, and other products, as a possible consequence of their accumulation along the food production chain and their accidental release from packaging materials. However, due to their different physical and chemical properties, phthalates do not have the same human and environmental impacts and their association to several human diseases is still under debate. In this review we provide an overview of phthalate toxicity, pointing out the health and legal issues related to their occurrence in several types of food and beverage.

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“…Regarding possible interference from phthalates during pregnancy, the majority of studies have reported a negative correlation between levels of several metabolites and THs, particularly free and total T4 and free T3 levels, and a positive correlation with TSH levels, and these effects may depend on the timing of exposure during gestation (Huang et al 2007, Johns et al 2015, Yao et al 2016, Gao et al 2017. However, other studies have shown very different results, with an inverse association with TSH and a positive association with free and total T4 levels (Huang et al 2007, Johns et al 2015, Yao et al 2016, Gao et al 2017. Regarding phthalate exposure and neonatal thyroid status, some studies have shown a correlation between phthalate levels and TH levels in newborns; a Dutch prospective cohort detected changes in free T4 levels in girls but not in boys (de Cock et al 2014), and a study in Taiwan found an association of phthalate exposure with reduced levels of THs in young children (Huang et al 2017a,b).…”

Section: Plasticizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid function disruptors: from nature to chemicals

Oliveira

Chiamolera

Giannocco

et al. 2019

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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The modern concept of thyroid disruptors includes man-made chemicals and bioactive compounds from food that interfere with any aspect of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, thyroid hormone biosynthesis and secretion, blood and transmembrane transport, metabolism and local action of thyroid hormones. This review highlights relevant disruptors that effect populations through their diet: directly from food itself (fish oil and polyunsaturated fatty acids, pepper, coffee, cinnamon and resveratrol/grapes), through vegetable cultivation (pesticides) and from containers for food storage and cooking (bisphenol A, phthalates and polybrominated diphenyl ethers). Due to the vital role of thyroid hormones during every stage of life, we review effects from the gestational period through to adulthood, including evidence from in vitro studies, rodent models, human trials and epidemiological studies.

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Effects of Prenatal Phthalate Exposure on Thyroid Hormone Concentrations Beginning at The Embryonic Stage

Cited by 29 publications

References 38 publications

Phthalate and Bisphenol Exposure during Pregnancy and Offspring Nonverbal IQ

Phthalate and Bisphenol Exposure during Pregnancy and Offspring Nonverbal IQ

Critical Review on the Presence of Phthalates in Food and Evidence of Their Biological Impact

Thyroid function disruptors: from nature to chemicals

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