Associations between Respiratory Diseases and Dietary Patterns Derived by Factor Analysis and Reduced Rank Regression

Abstract

Background/Aims: The study aims to identify children's dietary patterns and explore the relationship between dietary patterns and respiratory diseases. Methods: Subjects were 2,397 fourth graders in 14 Taiwanese communities who participated in the Taiwan Children Health Study. This study is based on an evaluation of dietary patterns, performed from April until June 2011. Information pertaining to respiratory disease was obtained by The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire, and dietary intake data obtained by food frequency questionnaire. Factor analysis and reduced rank regression (RRR) were both used to analyze dietary patterns. Results: Using factor analysis, it was found that children on a high-protein, high-fat, Western diet had a significantly higher risk of allergic rhinitis (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.20). Lower ORs were noted for current wheezing, ever asthma and bronchitis in children eating a healthy diet than those on a high-protein, high-fat, Western diet. Using RRR, it was found that children on a high-protein, high-fat diet had significantly higher risks of allergic rhinitis (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07-1.27), current wheezing (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04-1.45) and bronchitis (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.09-1.46). Conclusions: A diet rich in fat and protein may increase the risk of respiratory disease in children.

Dietary patterns and asthma among Peruvian children and adolescents

“…They also had a higher consumption of sugar and carbonated beverages [37]. Lin et al (2016) used a factor analysis approach to show that children eating a "healthy" diet had lower rates of wheezing, allergic rhinitis, and bronchitis when compared to those on a high protein, high fat "Western" diet; however, this association was no longer significant after adjustment for confounders [38]. Lee et al used reduced rank regression methodology to identify a dietary pattern characterized by high consumption of fast foods, high-fat snacks, candy and cookies, and low consumption of fruit, vegetables and rice that was associated with increased risk of current and severe asthma [9].…”

Dietary patterns and the risk of rhinitis in primary school children: a prospective cohort study

“…In comparison with other study with factor analysis or principal component analysis, two dietary patterns were extracted by using factor analysis in cross-sectional study in Taiwan school-age children21. Both patterns were observed to be associated with and increased risk of allergic rhinitis, However, this study21 had some conflicts itself from the information presented: high-protein, high-fat, and western diet pattern was associated with increased risk of allergic rhinitis when score as the continuous variables but not when as categorical variables; the health pattern was seemed to be associated with an increased risk of rhinitis when pattern score takes as both continuous and categorical variables whereas the author did not provide any reason.…”

“…Dietary pattern which represents a whole profile of a diet might be more useful to study the association between diet and health outcome, because dietary pattern can in some degree reflect the interactions among different foods or different nutrients1314. Current study found that both indexed-based patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet pattern15161718, and patterns defined by using posterior approaches19202122 might have impacts on asthma and other allergic sensitization. However, studies on the association between Mediterranean diet and rhinitis in school-aged children did not obtain conclusive results: for example, in adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern was inversely associated with rhinitis and other atopic disease in Mexican children15 and Greece children23, whereas such association was not observed in Turkey children2425.…”

“…Unlike the index-based patterns which paly a particularly important role in evaluating dietary guidelines and recommendations, dietary patterns defined by using posterior data-driven method can reflect the real nutritional or dietary information within a population in a certain period27. However, in children, there was only limited evidence on the association between rhinitis and posterior dietary patterns21. We, therefore, conducted a prospective cohort study to investigate the association between dietary pattern defined by posterior approach and risk of rhinitis in school-aged children.…”

Effects of high-fat diet on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of respiratory tract through the glyoxylic acid cycle of pulmonary microbes and the intervention of saturated hydrogen

“…High fat diet is not only associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension and other metabolic diseases, but is also studied to be correlating significantly with asthma and other respiratory diseases. Based on the previous studies, the incidence of asthma and asthmatic diseases in children with high-fat diet is significantly higher than children without high-fat diet [1,2] however, the pathogenicity underpinning high-fat diet with asthma is still in the mystery. Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease, which often occurs with airway remodeling [3,4].…”