Associations between ultrafine and fine particles and mortality in five central European cities — Results from the UFIREG study

Lanzinger, Stefanie; Schneider, Alexandra; Breitner, Susanne; Stafoggia, Massimo; Eržen, Ivan; Dostál, Miroslav; Pastorková, Anna; Bastian, Susanne; Cyrys, Josef; Zscheppang, Anja; Kolodnitska, Tetiana; Peters, Annette

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.006

Cited by 108 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Annette Peters reported on three recent epidemiological studies evaluating short-term exposures to UFPs. The first was a multi-city time-series study conducted in five European cities as part of the European collaboration known as UFIREG (Ultrafine particles—an evidence-based contribution to the development of regional and European environmental health policy) [8]. The UFIREG project collected daily measurements of UFPN counts and PM 2.5 to examine immediate and delayed associations with cardiopulmonary mortality and hospital admissions.…”

Section: Health Effects Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafine Particle Metrics and Research Considerations: Review of the 2015 UFP Workshop

Baldauf

Devlin

Gehr

et al. 2016

IJERPH

114

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Section: Health Effects Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafine Particle Metrics and Research Considerations: Review of the 2015 UFP Workshop

Baldauf

Devlin

Gehr

et al. 2016

IJERPH

114

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“…This may in-turn impact physiologic responses that ultimately increase the risk of acute cardiorespiratory morbidity (Weichenthal 2012). In epidemiological studies, some have shown that ultrafine particulate matter air pollution is more strongly associated with adverse health effects when compared to larger PM diameters (Delfino et al 2009; Franck et al 2011) while other studies have shown PM 2.5 to have stronger or as strong associations as ultrafine PM (Ruckerl et al 2014; Lanzinger et al 2016). The inconsistent epidemiological evidence may be due to the fact that the sources and components of pollutants vary from study to study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers with chemically-characterized air pollutant exposures in an elderly cohort

Zhang

Staimer

Gillen

et al. 2016

Environmental Research

104

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Background Exposure to air pollution has been associated with cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. However, the chemical constituents and pollution sources underlying these associations remain unclear. Method We conducted a cohort panel study involving 97 elderly subjects living in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Airway and circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation were measured weekly over 12 weeks and included, exhaled breath condensate malondialdehyde (EBC MDA), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6). Exposures included 7-day personal nitrogen oxides (NOX), daily criteria-pollutant data, five-day average particulate matter (PM) measured in three size-fractions and characterized by chemical components including transition metals, and in vitro PM oxidative potential (dithiothreitol and macrophage reactive oxygen species). Associations between biomarkers and pollutants were assessed using linear mixed effects regression models. Results We found significant positive associations of airway oxidative stress and inflammation with traffic-related air pollutants, ultrafine particles and transition metals. Positive but nonsignificant associations were observed with PM oxidative potential. The strongest associations were observed among PM variables in the ultrafine range (PM <0.18 μm). It was estimated that an interquartile increase in 5-day average ultrafine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was associated with a 6.3% (95% CI: 1.1%, 11.6%) increase in EBC MDA and 6.7% (95% CI: 3.4%, 10.2%) increase in FeNO. In addition, positive but nonsignificant associations were observed between oxLDL and traffic-related pollutants, ultrafine particles and transition metals while plasma IL-6 was positively associated with 1-day average traffic-related pollutants. Conclusion Our results suggest that exposure to pollutants with high oxidative potential (traffic-related pollutants, ultrafine particles, and transition metals) may lead to increased airway oxidative stress and inflammation in elderly adults. This observation was less clear with circulating biomarkers.

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“…Knibbs et al, 2011;Strak et al, 2012;Ostro et al, 2015;Lanzinger et al, 2016). At the current time, there is still limited knowledge of what specific characteris-tic or association of characteristics may dominate the particle toxicity and the consequent health outcomes (Atkinson et al, 2010;Strak et al, 2012;Vu et al, 2015a); nevertheless, it is well recognised that UFPs can reach the deepest regions of the lung (Salma et al, 2015) and may have orders of magnitude higher surface-area-to-mass ratios compared to larger particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of sub-micrometre particles near a major international airport

Masiol

Harrison

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The international airport of Heathrow is a major source of nitrogen oxides, but its contribution to the levels of sub-micrometre particles is unknown and is the objective of this study. Two sampling campaigns were carried out during warm and cold seasons at a site close to the airfield (1.2 km). Size spectra were largely dominated by ultrafine particles: nucleation particles (< 30 nm) were found to be ∼ 10 times higher than those commonly measured in urban background environments of London. Five clusters and six factors were identified by applying k means cluster analysis and positive matrix factorisation (PMF), respectively, to particle number size distributions; their interpretation was based on their modal structures, wind directionality, diurnal patterns, road and airport traffic volumes, and on the relationship with weather and other air pollutants. Airport emissions, fresh and aged road traffic, urban accumulation mode, and two secondary sources were then identified and apportioned. The fingerprint of Heathrow has a characteristic modal structure peaking at < 20 nm and accounts for 30-35 % of total particles in both the seasons. Other main contributors are fresh (24-36 %) and aged (16-21 %) road traffic emissions and urban accumulation from London (around 10 %). Secondary sources accounted for less than 6 % in number concentrations but for more than 50 % in volume concentration. The analysis of a strong regional nucleation event showed that both the cluster categorisation and PMF contributions were affected during the first 6 h of the event. In 2016, the UK government provisionally approved the construction of a third runway; therefore the direct and indirect impact of Heathrow on local air quality is expected to increase unless mitigation strategies are applied successfully.

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Associations between ultrafine and fine particles and mortality in five central European cities — Results from the UFIREG study

Cited by 108 publications

References 32 publications

Ultrafine Particle Metrics and Research Considerations: Review of the 2015 UFP Workshop

Ultrafine Particle Metrics and Research Considerations: Review of the 2015 UFP Workshop

Associations of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers with chemically-characterized air pollutant exposures in an elderly cohort

Sources of sub-micrometre particles near a major international airport

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