Associations of coffee genetic risk scores with coffee, tea and other beverages in the UK Biobank

Abstract

Background: Genetic variants which determine amount of coffee consumed have been identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of coffee consumption; these may help to further understanding of the effects of coffee on health outcomes.However, there is limited information about how these variants relate to caffeinated beverage consumption more generally.Aims: To improve phenotype definition for coffee consumption related genetic risk scores by testing their association with coffee, tea and other beverages. Methods:We tested the associations of genetic risk scores for coffee consumption with beverage consumption in 114,316 individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank. Drinks were self-reported in a baseline questionnaire and in detailed 24 dietary recall questionnaires in a subset.Results: Genetic risk scores including two and eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) explained up to 0.39%, 0.19% and 0.77% of the variance in coffee, tea and combined coffee and tea consumption respectively. A one standard deviation increase in the 8 SNP genetic risk score was associated with a 0.13 cup per day (95% CI: 0.12, 0.14), 0.12 cup per day (95%CI: 0.11, 0.14) and 0.25 cup per day (95% CI: 0.24, 0.27) increase in coffee, tea and combined tea and coffee consumption, respectively. Genetic risk scores also demonstrated positive associations with both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and tea consumption. In 48,692 individuals with dietary recall data, the genetic risk scores were positively associated with coffee and tea, (apart from herbal teas) consumption, but did not show clear evidence for positive associations with other beverages. However, there was evidence that the genetic risk scores were associated with lower daily water consumption and lower overall drink consumption.3 Conclusions: Genetic risk scores created from variants identified in coffee consumption GWAS associate more broadly with caffeinated beverage consumption and also with decaffeinated coffee and tea consumption.

Maternal and child genetic liability for smoking and caffeine consumption and child mental health: An intergenerational genetic risk score analysis in the ALSPAC cohort

“…We did not find strong evidence for intergenerational effects between the maternal caffeine GRS and offspring mental health outcomes in childhood. The associations we observed between maternal caffeine GRS and decreased likelihood of binge drinking, reduced caffeine consumption and lower socioeconomic status during pregnancy, as well as the offspring caffeine GRS and higher GCSE exam grades during adolescence stand-in contrast to a study in the UK Biobank where the caffeine GRS was positively associated with alcohol consumption outside of pregnancy and not associated with social class (32). Therefore, these findings should be interpreted with caution, as they might be unique to the ALSPAC sample in terms of participants’ sociodemographic characteristics or false positives.…”

“…The Coffee and Caffeine Genetics Consortium found 8 SNPs to be independently associated with cups of coffee consumed per day at the genome-wide level of significance (N = 91,462 (26)), which were all available in ALSPAC. These SNPs have also been found to be associated with caffeine use from other caffeinated beverages (32,33).…”

“…The Coffee and Caffeine Genetics Consortium found 8 SNPs to be independently associated with cups of coffee consumed per day at the genome-wide level of significance (27), which were all available in ALSPAC. These SNPs have also been found to be associated with caffeine use from other caffeinated beverages (33,34). PRS were calculated for mothers and offspring by weighted effect estimates based on summary data of recent GWAS of tobacco (26) and coffee consumption (27) using Plink 1.90 and standardised prior to use in analyses.…”

Maternal and child genetic liability for smoking and caffeine consumption and child mental health: an intergenerational genetic risk score analysis in the ALSPAC cohort

“…We did not find strong evidence for intergenerational effects between the maternal caffeine GRS and offspring mental health outcomes in childhood. The associations we observed between maternal caffeine GRS and decreased likelihood of binge drinking, reduced caffeine consumption and lower socioeconomic position during pregnancy, as well as the offspring caffeine GRS and higher General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exam grades during adolescence stand in contrast to a study in the UK Biobank where the caffeine GRS was positively associated with alcohol consumption outside of pregnancy and not associated with social class [32]. Therefore, these findings should be interpreted with caution, because they might be unique to the ALSPAC sample in terms of participants’ sociodemographic characteristics or false positives.…”

“…The Coffee and Caffeine Genetics Consortium found 8 SNPs to be independently associated with cups of coffee consumed per day at the genome‐wide level of significance ( n = 91 462 [26]), which were all available in ALSPAC. These SNPs have also been found to be associated with caffeine use from other caffeinated beverages [32,33].…”