Associations of device‐measured sleep, sedentariness and physical activity with growth differentiation factor 15 in older adults

Abstract

Background Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) is a biomarker for chronic disease burden that might explain the health effects of sedentary behaviours (SBs) and physical activity (PA). We examined associations of device‐measured sleep, SB and PA, and time reallocations among them, with GDF‐15 in older adults. Methods We used data from 2245 older adults participating in the Seniors‐ENRICA‐2 study. Wrist‐worn accelerometers were employed to ascertain total time in sleep, SB, light PA (LPA) and moderate‐to vigorous PA (MVPA). Associations between these activities and serum GDF‐15 levels were analysed using linear regression, including isotemporal substitution models for time reallocations among activities, and adjusted for potential confounders. Analyses were conducted separately in two groups (less active and more active individuals) according to the median total PA time. Results In the less active participants, 30 min/day more of MVPA were related to lower levels of GDF‐15 when replacing sleep (fully adjusted mean percentage differences [95% confidence interval] in GDF‐15 of −9.2% [−13.2, −5.0]), SB (−9.8% [−13.6, −5.8]) and LPA (−5.8% [−11.1, −0.3]), whereas 30 min/day more of LPA were related to lower GDF‐15 when replacing both sleep (−3.6% [−6.1, −1.0]) and SB (−4.2% [−6.7, −1.7]). In the more active participants, 30 min/day more of MVPA were also associated with lower GDF‐15 when replacing sleep (−2.9% [−5.3, −0.3]), SB (−2.4% [−4.6, −0.2]) and LPA (−3.5% [−6.6, −0.3]), but no associations were found for more time in LPA. Spending more time in SB was associated with higher GDF‐15 levels only among those less active (1.9% [0.9, 2.9] per 30 min/day increment). Sleep time did not appear to be associated with GDF‐15. Conclusions The MVPA was inversely associated with GDF‐15, with stronger associations at lower PA volumes. Also, more LPA and less SB time were linked to lower GDF‐15 in the less active individuals. This suggests that simply moving more and sitting less may reduce chronic disease burden in older adults.

Growth differentiation factor-15 as a modulator of bone and muscle metabolism

“…GDF-15, a member of TGF-b superfamily, has been identified as a marker of aging, muscle weakness, and frailty (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Several studies have demonstrated the link between GDF-15 and bone metabolism (19-21).…”

“…Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a member of the transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) superfamily, has been implicated as a biomarker of aging, sarcopenia, muscle wasting, cachexia, mitochondrial disease, decreased physical activity, and energy imbalance (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). As a circulating myokine, the serum level of GDF-15 is increased as a result of a metabolic response to muscle-specific mitochondrial stress and muscle dysfunction in humans (9,16,17).…”

Comportamentos de movimento de 24 horas em idosos: uma revisão sistemática

“…Com base nos estudos analisados, verificou-se que os despendem um tempo maior em comportamento sedentário, menor tempo de prática regular de atividade física, e apresentam alteração no tempo e qualidade do sono. Esses achados corroboram com outros estudos (Cabanas-Sánchez et al, 2019Dash et al, 2019;Gordon et al, 2019;Hu et al, 2020;Koolhaas et al, 2017;Ortolá et al, 2022;Seguin et al, 2014;Štefan et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2022) que, também, mostraram maior exposição ao CS, três desses comportamentos de movimento de 24hs, menores níveis de AF e alteração na quantidade e qualidade do sono. Apesar de poucos estudos, nessa RS as evidências indicam um aumento preocupante no CS, redução dos níveis de AF e alteração no sono entre os idosos.…”

“…Em geral, o ponto de corte utilizado para os idosos classificados como fisicamente ativos foi ≥ 150 min/semana. Por outro lado, todos os estudos que abordaram os três comportamentos de 24 horas (Gordon et al, 2019;Hu et al, 2020;Koolhaas et al, 2017;Ortolá et al, 2022;Reis et al, 2018;Štefan et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2022), apresentaram relação com maior exposição ao CS, e um ponto de corte ≥ 4h/dia. Quanto ao sono de boa qualidade, os pontos de corte variaram entre >7h/dia e <9h/dia (He et al, 2021;Smagula et al, 2016;Vancampfort et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2017).…”

“…Todos os estudos incluídos nesta RS, que apresentaram os três comportamentos de 24hs (AF, sono e CS) (Cabanas-Sánchez et al, 2019;Dash et al, 2019;Gordon et al, 2019;Hu et al, 2020;Koolhaas et al, 2017;Ortolá et al, 2022;Reis et al, 2018; …”