Associations of food preferences and household food availability with dietary intake and quality in youth with type 1 diabetes

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine associations of food preferences and availability with dietary intake in youth with type 1 diabetes, for whom dietary intake and quality are essential to disease management. Youth (n=252, age 13.2±2.8y, diabetes duration 6.3±3.4y) reported preferences and parents reported household availability for 61 food items categorized as fruit, vegetables, whole grains, refined grains and fats/sweets. Youth energy-adjusted daily servings of food groups, Healthy Eating Index-2005 and Nutrient Rich Foods 9.3 scores were calculated from 3-day diet records. Associations of dietary intake and quality variables with preference and availability of all food groups were evaluated by linear regressions adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. Fruit and whole grain intake were positively related to corresponding preference and availability; whole grain intake and refined grain availability were inversely related. Vegetable, refined grain and fats/sweets intake were unrelated to preference and availability. Diet quality measures were related positively to fruit preference and whole grain availability and inversely to refined grains availability. Findings indicate associations of dietary intake with food preference and availability vary by food group in youth with type 1 diabetes. Measures of overall dietary quality were more consistently associated with food group availability than preferences.

Association between home availability and vegetable consumption in youth: a review

“…Sample sizes ranged from ninety subjects (26) to 13 305 (15) . Studies were conducted with children of various age groups, with one study targeting pre-schoolers (24) , six targeting children (15)(16)(17)22,23,25) and eight targeting adolescents (19)(20)(21)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) .…”

“…With the exception of a study by Lipsky et al (29) , which was conducted with type 1 diabetics, all studies were conducted with healthy participants. Seven studies reported the ethnicity of their subjects, with non-Whites ranging from 24 % to 100 % of the sample (19,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)30) .…”

“…Twelve studies included were cross-sectional (15)(16)(17)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) and three were longitudinal (19)(20)(21) . A wide variety of measures was used in these studies, and Table 1 summarizes the comprehensiveness rating (high v. low) assigned to dietary and availability measures for each study.…”

“…Dietary measures with low comprehensiveness included four studies with between one and three questions about vegetable intake (15,17,23,24) . All others had dietary measures with higher comprehensiveness, including 24 h recalls (17,26) , food records (29) , a six-item screener (28) and FFQ with six to twenty-four vegetable items (19)(20)(21)(22)25,27,30) . Nine studies had home availability measures composed of either one or two items, and were thus classified as having low comprehensiveness (15)(16)(17)(19)(20)(21)23,24,30) .…”

“…Nine studies had home availability measures composed of either one or two items, and were thus classified as having low comprehensiveness (15)(16)(17)(19)(20)(21)23,24,30) . Six studies had high comprehensiveness in the measure of home availability with scales of fifteen to twenty-six items (22,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29) . All home availability measures were subjective, such that no home inventories or other direct measures were used in these studies, yet no studies used the term 'perceived' to refer to the availability measure.…”