Associations of household solid fuel for heating and cooking with hypertension in Chinese adults

Abstract

Background: Few studies have examined the association between indoor air pollution from household solid fuel use for heating and cooking with hypertension considering the in uence of outdoor particles with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of household solid fuel for heating and cooking with hypertension prevalence in a large diverse Chinese population. Methods: 44,007 individuals aged 35-70 years with complete information on fuels used for cooking and heating and PM2.5 air pollution levels for 279 urban and rural communities of 12 centers were recruited in this study. Generalized linear mixed models using community as the random effect were performed to estimate the association with hypertension prevalence and blood pressure after considering ambient PM2.5 and a comprehensive set of potential confounding factors at the individual and household level. Results: 47.6% and 61.2% of participants used household solid fuel for heating and cooking, respectively. Solid fuel for heating was associated with statistically insigni cant increase in hypertension prevalence (adjusted OR=1.08, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.20) or elevated systolic blood pressure (0.62mmHg, 95% CI:-0.24, 1.48). No association was found between solid fuel for cooking and hypertension or blood pressure, and no additional risk was observed among participants who had the combined exposure to both solid fuels for heating and cooking compared with those using household solid heating fuel only. Conclusion: No statistical signi cant association between the use of solid fuel for cooking or heating with BP or prevalence of hypertension was found in this large and diverse Chinese population. * Clean household fuels for heating include electricity, gas and central heating; Solid fuels for heating includes coal open re, wood open re and agriculture/crop † Clean household fuels for cooking include electricity, gas and gobar gas; Solid fuels for cooking include charcoal, coal, wood, agriculture, animal dung and shrub De nition of abbreviations: SD = standard deviation; IQR = Interquartile range

Relationship of indoor solid fuel use for cooking with blood pressure and hypertension among the elderly in China

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“…Our study has several strengths, including the large sample size from 500 urban and rural communities across 23 provinces in China, making it a useful supplement to the elderly group data for future studies (Arku et al 2020 ; Liu et al 2021 ). Furthermore, the inclusion of multiple provinces and communities increased the generality of the results, the extensive individual information collected aided to control confusion, and standardizing and defining comprehensive and systematic information helped to evaluate the results.…”

Modeling factors of biogas technology adoption: a roadmap towards environmental sustainability and green revolution

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Relationship Between Indoor Solid Fuel Use for Cooking with Blood Pressure and Hypertension Among the Elderly in China

“…In addition, two Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) studies considered participants aged 30-70 years. One of these studies did not nd that elderly people (≥ 50 years old) who use indoor solid fuel were more likely to suffer from hypertension or increased BP(Arku et al, 2020), whereas a subgroup analysis in the other study showed that there was no association between solid fuel use and hypertension/BP in the elderly over 60 years(Liu et al, 2021). These studies demonstrate the variability of results related to indoor solid fuel use for cooking and BP/hypertension.…”