Associations of Serum and Urinary Magnesium with the Pre-Diabetes, Diabetes and Diabetic Complications in the Chinese Northeast Population

Abstract

The effect of magnesium (Mg) deficiency on the prevalence of diabetes and diabetic complications has received a great attention. The present study investigated the association of Mg level in the serum or urine of the patients, lived in the Northeast areas of China, with either pre-diabetes or diabetes with and without complications. From January 2010 to October 2011, patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D, n = 25), type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 137), impaired fasting glucose (IFG, n = 12) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n = 15), and age/gender matched control (n = 50) were enrolled in the First Hospital of Jilin University. In T2D group, there were 24, 34, and 50 patients with nephropathy, retinopathy or peripheral neuropathy. Serum Mg levels in the patients with IGT, IFG, T2D, and T1D were significantly lower than that of control. The urinary Mg levels were significantly increased only in T2D and T1D patients compared to control. There was no difference for these two changes among T2D with and without complications; In addition, there was a significantly positive correlation of serum Mg levels with serum Ca levels only in T2D patients, and also a significantly positive correlation of urinary Mg levels with urinary Ca levels in control, IGT patients, and T2D patients. Simvastatin treatment in T2D patients selectively reduced serum Ca levels and urinary Mg levels. These results suggest that the potential impact of Mg deficiency on metabolic syndrome, diabetes and diabetic complications needs to be received special attention.

Magnesium, zinc, and chromium levels in children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes

“…In this study, we found that the levels of magnesium in type 1 diabetic patients at different growth stages were lower than those in the control group, but we observed no differences between genders or growth stages, which were in accordance with results from previous studies [11,12]. Wegner et al and Xu et al reported that the levels of serum magnesium in young adults with type 1 diabetes were lower than those in the control group [11,12].…”

Admission Low Magnesium Level Is Associated with In-Hospital Mortality in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

“…Several hypotheses have been proposed. First, a possible reason for the link between lower magnesium and in-hospital mortality is that lower magnesium at admission might reflect high BP [22,23], high blood glucose [24,25], severe state of malnutrition [26], and severe renal disease [27], which are known predictors of poor outcome and mortality of stroke in previous studies [28,29,30,31,32,33]. Second, previous animal studies indicated that magnesium could improve the blood flow in the ischemic area of the brain and enhance recovery of cellular energy metabolism after ischemia [34,35].…”

Serum Magnesium Level of Newly Detected Patients with Glucose Intolerance and Its Comparison with Serum Magnesium Level of Age and Sex Matched Healthy Volunteers

“…11 Hypomagnesaemia is also associated with progression of diabetic complications. 6,12 Uncontrolled diabetes leads to osmotic diuresis and hypomagnesaemia 13 thus there occurs a vicious cycle 14 of hypomagnesaemia, diabetes and hypomagnesaemia. Mg supplementation helps in achieving good glycaemic control and may prevent or delay complications.…”