Associations of Serum Retinol, α-Tocopherol, and γ-Tocopherol with Biomarkers among Healthy Japanese Men

Abstract

Retinol, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol are fat-soluble vitamins acting as antioxidants via the prevention of lipid oxidation. Little is known about circulatory levels in healthy individuals. The present cross-sectional study aimed at elucidating the relationship between these antioxidants and clinical biomarkers in 206 male (median age 41 years, range 23–67) employees from companies located in the Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Subjects younger than 40 years (n = 94) showed a positive association of the frequency of alcohol consumption with the circulating retinol (β = 0.344, p = 0.001) and γ-tocopherol levels (β = 0.219, p = 0.041), and an inverse association of fast insulin with serum retinol (β = −0.301, p = 0.009). In participants older than 40 years (n = 112) we found that an inverse association of HOMA-R with serum retinol (β = −0.262, p = 0.021), α-tocopherol (β = −0.236, p = 0.035), and γ-tocopherol levels (β = −0.224, p = 0.052); and cigarette smoking was inversely associated with the levels of serum α-tocopherol (β = −0.286, p = 0.008) and γ-tocopherol (β = −0.229, p = 0.040). We further found negative relationships between serum ferritin and the retinol (β = −0.211, p = 0.032) and α-tocopherol levels (β = −0.223, p = 0.022) in men over 40 years of age. The present study suggests that the circulatory levels of antioxidant vitamins may modulate the action of insulin and that higher levels of iron might decrease the levels of antioxidant vitamins in the blood.

Vitamin E status of 20- to 59-year-old adults living in the Seoul metropolitan area of South Korea

“…Thus, studies regarding the intake of each tocopherol in South Korean adults have been limited. The α-tocopherol intake reported in this study (3.07 mg/day) was much lower than those of the adults in other countries [ 33 , 34 ]. Japanese adults reported a daily α-tocopherol intake of 6.6-7.1 mg [ 33 ], and American adults indicated an α-tocopherol intake of 5.9 - 8.8 mg according to the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) US [ 34 ].…”

“…The α-tocopherol intake reported in this study (3.07 mg/day) was much lower than those of the adults in other countries [ 33 , 34 ]. Japanese adults reported a daily α-tocopherol intake of 6.6-7.1 mg [ 33 ], and American adults indicated an α-tocopherol intake of 5.9 - 8.8 mg according to the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) US [ 34 ]. γ-Tocopherol intake observed in the present study was lower, but δ-tocopherol intake was similar compared to the intake of African American adults [ 35 ].…”

“…The AIs for Korean males and females are 12 mg α-TE and 10 mg α-TE, respectively [ 1 ]. The Japanese recommendations for vitamin E have set as AIs, 7.0 mg α-tocopherol for males and 6.5 α-tocopherol for females [ 33 ]. In the current study, 12% of the subjects had inadequate vitamin E intake measured as mg α-TE that fell below the recommended Korean AIs.…”

Duality of Tocopherol Isoforms and Novel Associations with Vitamins Involved in One-Carbon Metabolism: Results from an Elderly Sample of the LifeLines Cohort Study

“…Many reports, however, provide no indexation for circulating total lipids, which may certainly lead to findings that are actually driven by associations with circulating lipids rather than with circulating α-tocopherol [35]. Other reports have only indexed for total cholesterol or fasting triglycerides [21,36]. It should be realized that indexation by fasting triglycerides is likely inferior to that by total cholesterol exclusively, taking into account the much lower explained variance of α-tocopherol by fasting triglycerides than by total cholesterol [37] and that no indexation or indexation by only either total cholesterol or fasting triglycerides restraint the possibilities for a comparison of findings on associations and effects in the literature.…”

Relation of Oxidative Parameters of Low Density Lipoproteides With the Age in Male Population of Novosibirsk City

“…Также окислительная модификация ЛНП зависит от их антиоксидантного потенциала. Основными антиокси-дантами ЛНП являются α-и γ-токоферолы, ретинол, β-каротин, убихинон и другие [6,7].…”