Associations of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index With Femur Bone Mineral Density and Osteoporosis in American Postmenopausal Women: Data From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Abstract

BackgroundThe geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) has been used as a significant tool to access the nutritional status of the elderly. However, the relationship between the GNRI and femur bone mineral density (BMD) and the risk of osteoporosis remains unclear in American postmenopausal women.ObjectivesWe aimed to explore associations between the GNRI with femur BMD and the risk of osteoporosis in American postmenopausal women.MethodsWe merged the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2013–2014, and 2017–2018 to ensure a large and representative sample, including 3,152 participants. The linear relationship between the GNRI and femur BMD was assessed via a weighted multivariate linear regression model. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between the GNRI and the risk of osteoporosis were assessed by a weighted logistic regression model. Moreover, the nonlinear relationship was also characterized by smooth curve fitting (SCF) and a weighted generalized additive model (GAM).ResultsAfter adjusting for all covariates, the weighted multivariable linear regression models demonstrated that the GNRI was positively correlated with femur BMD. The weighted logistic regression models demonstrated that each unit of increased GNRI value was associated with a decreased risk of osteoporosis of 4.13%. When categorizing GNRI based on quartiles, ORs between the risk of osteoporosis and the GNRI across quintiles 2, 3, and 4 compared with quintile 1 were 0.5565 (95% CI: 0.4791, 0.6463; P < 0.000001), 0.5580 (95% CI: 0.4600, 0.6769; P < 0.000001), and 0.3475 (95% CI: 0.2681, 0.4505; P < 0.000001). The trends similar to the above were also observed in SCF and GAM.ConclusionThis study indicated that nutritional status, represented by the GNRI, was positively associated with femur BMD and negatively associated with the risk of osteoporosis in American postmenopausal women. The GNRI may be a good tool to identify American postmenopausal women who need further bone health nutritional support.

Arm circumference is positively correlated with total femur bone mineral density among adults aged 50 years old and above: The NHANES 2013-2020

“…Malnutrition can result in bone metabolism disorders and affect bone remodeling [22]. For people with low AC, it is necessary to restore normal weight to improve the low peak bone mass and accelerate bone loss.…”

Association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and osteoporosis in patients with fragility fractures in eastern China

“…A study of the relationship between hemoglobin levels and osteoporosis in elderly patients with diabetes found that patients with osteoporosis had lower hemoglobin levels than non-osteoporotic patients, and that higher hemoglobin levels protected against osteoporosis 22 . Researchers investigated the relationship between GNRI and femoral BMD and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in the USA and found that GNRI, as an indicator of nutritional status, was positively correlated with femoral BMD and negatively correlated with osteoporosis risk 23 . Xiu et al 24 found that serum prealbumin levels were signi cantly associated with osteoporosis and that lower serum prealbumin concentrations increased the risk of osteoporosis.…”

Interactive association of the dietary oxidative balance score and cardiovascular disease with mortality in older adults: evidence from NHANES

“…19 Building upon prior knowledge regarding the connections between specific nutrients and DOBS, we collectively evaluated 16 nutrients, comprising 2 pro-oxidants and 14 anti-oxidants. 20 The 16 nutrients were classified into tertiles, with anti-oxidant nutrients receiving scores ranging from 0 to 2, and pro-oxidant nutrients receiving scores in reverse order. The detailed scoring strategy for DOBS ingredients is presented in Table S1.…”