Associations of the MIND Diet with Cardiometabolic Diseases and Their Risk Factors: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Purpose Recent studies have expanded the scope of research on the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet beyond its impact on cognitive performance. These investigations have specifically explored its potential to provide protection against cardiometabolic diseases and associated risk factors, including obesity and dyslipidemia. Methods We systematically summarized and evaluated all existing observational and trial evidence for the MIND diet in relation to cardiometabolic diseases and their risk factors in adults. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to extract original studies on humans published until September 2023, without date restrictions. A total of 491 studies were initially retrieved, out of which 23 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final review. Duplicated and irrelevant studies were screened out by five independent reviewers using the Rayyan platform. Quality assessment was ascertained using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2) for randomized trials. Results Across the different study designs, the MIND diet was generally associated with an improvement in anthropometric measures and other cardiometabolic outcomes, such as blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid profile, inflammation and stroke. The effects of the MIND eating pattern on some cardiovascular diseases are less conclusive. Conclusion The findings of this systematic review support the recommendation of the MIND diet as a strategy to reduce cardiometabolic risk in adults. Further well-designed and long-term studies are warranted.

Consumption of foods and beverages rich in added sugar associated with incident metabolic syndrome: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study

“…Finally, excessive consumption of these AS-rich CHO foods and beverages may result in a higher risk for MetS and its components due to overall poor diet quality, 40 as opposed to healthy diet patterns, including a Mediterranean, dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean-DASH intervention for neurodegenerative delay, or other plant-based diet pattern, that protects cardiometabolic health. 41 , 42 High AS intake in this study and others was related to poor diet quality, as represented by a lower HEI2015 score, characterized by low intakes of whole grain products, fruit, and vegetables, thus resulting in lower intakes of fibre and micronutrients (i.e. iron, zinc, magnesium, folate, and other vitamins and minerals).…”

The Mediterranean-dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet: a bibliometric analysis

“…MIND diet for other health outcomes ( 11 , 15 , 42–51 ), including CVDs, cancer, and diabetes. Akbar et al ( 52 ) conducted a systematic review to investigate the relationship between the MIND diet and cardiometabolic diseases and risk factors, and they concluded that the MIND diet may be an effective dietary pattern to reduce cardiometabolic risk. Tison et al ( 53 ) conducted a prospective study to explore the association between some diets of Mediterranean diet, MIND diet, and DASH diet and T2DM.…”

Leukoaraiosis: Epidemiology, Imaging, Risk Factors, and Management of Age-Related Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities

“…Dietary habits have been implicated in many human diseases, including CSVDs [ 383 - 385 ]; similarly, a healthy diet is considered to have protective benefits against LA. Two studies—a population-based longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study—showed that dietary interventions can decrease WMH severity and delay LA progression [ 386 , 387 ].…”