Associative and behavioral tolerance to the analgesic effects of nicotine in rats: tail-flick and paw-lick assays

Cepeda-Benito, Antonio; Davis, Kristina W.; Reynoso, José; Harraid, James H.

doi:10.1007/s00213-005-2151-4

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Pharmacodynamic tolerance is represented by the classic decreased effectiveness of an opioid over time, related to upregulation of receptors. In contrast to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic tolerance, learned tolerance results in a decrease in efficiency as compensated mechanisms are incorporated or learned [79]. It is illustrated by the fact that if a patient is in a setting where he or she usually consumes the drug they typically expect the drug to be less effective; whereas if the same patient takes the same amount of drug in a nonstandard setting, he or she will probably feel a greater effect.…”

Section: Opioid Tolerance and Physical Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

Opioids in chronic noncancer pain

Manchikanti

Benyamin

Datta

et al. 2010

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

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Section: Opioid Tolerance and Physical Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

Opioids in chronic noncancer pain

Manchikanti

Benyamin

Datta

et al. 2010

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

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“…A review of the literature fails to yield evidence of context-dependent impulsivity despite strong evidence that contextual cues can renew appetitive and avoidance responses (e.g. Bouton 2002; 2004), and facilitate both drug sensitization (Badiani, Anagnostaras, and Robinson, 1995; Badiani, Browman, and Robinson, 1995; Crombag, Badiani, Maren, and Robinson, 2000; Damianopoulos and Carey, 1992; Stewart and Vezina, 1988) and tolerance (Baker and Tiffany, 1985; Carter and Tiffany, 1996; Capeda-Benito, Davis, Reynoso, and Harriad, 2005; Siegel, Hinson, and Krank, 1978). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response disinhibition evoked by the administration of nicotine and nicotine-associated contextual cues

Kirshenbaum

Johnson

Schwarz

et al. 2009

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Nicotine causes dose-dependent alterations in accuracy on the differential-reinforcement of low-rate responding (DRL) 29.5-s schedule in rats. The current investigation evaluated whether nicotineassociated contextual cues can produce nicotine-like perturbations in DRL-schedule performance in the absence of nicotine. Nicotine and saline administrations occurred just prior to DRL 29.5-s schedule responding for sucrose solution, and two different experimental contexts (differentiated by visual, olfactory, and tactile cues) were utilized. All subjects (N = 16) experienced two consecutive daily sessions of DRL-schedule responding per day. The experimental group (n = 8) was exposed to saline immediately prior to the first session and 0.3mg/kg nicotine before the second session, and the context was changed between sessions. This sequence of saline and then nicotine administration, paired with two reliable contexts, persisted for 12 consecutive days and successive nicotine administrations corresponded with increasingly poorer performance on the DRL 29.5-s schedule. No nicotine was administered for days 13-20 during context testing, and the nicotine-associated context produced response disinhibition on the DRL schedule. Two control groups were included in the design; subjects in one control group (n = 4) received saline in each context to verify that the contexts themselves were not exerting control over operant responding. To assess how explicit and nonexplicit pairings of nicotine and contextual cues influenced DRL behavior, subjects in a second control group (n = 4) were given nicotine prior to the second session, but the contexts were not altered between sessions. The results from this experiment suggest that environmental stimuli associated with nicotine exposure can come to elicit nicotine-induced performance decrements on a DRL 29.5-s schedule.

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“…Nonetheless, we have found that the hot-plate test is not a particularly sensitive assessment of associative tolerance to a drug's analgesic effects (Cepeda-Benito & Tiffany, 1996a). We have argued elsewhere that contextual tolerance to drug effects are test specific-that is, responses that are predominately spinally mediated (tail flick) depend on cue-associative tolerance processes, whereas responses that are predominately supraspinally mediated (hot plate) depend on behavioral tolerance processes or tolerance to the disruptive effects of a drug on instrumental performance (Cepeda-Benito et al, 2005). The 4.5-hr IDI may have produced a level of pharmacological exposure that was more similar to continuous administration regimes (Marks, Stitzel, & Collins, 1985) than to the typical chronic exposure to intermittent administrations of 1, 2, or even 3 nicotine administrations per day (Pauly et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdose interval effects on the development of contextual tolerance to nicotine's analgesic effects in rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Cepeda-Benito¹,

Reynoso²,

Davis³

et al. 2006

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Learning models of associative and nonassociative drug tolerance predict that the development of contextual tolerance to drug effects is disrupted when the drug is delivered at short interdose intervals (IDIs). The authors examined the impact of 1 long IDI and 2 short IDIs in the development of contextual nicotine tolerance. Associative tolerance was investigated by giving rats (Rattus norvegicus) 10 subcutaneous injections of nicotine at either long (72-hr) IDIs or short (6-hr and 4.5-hr) IDIs. The delivery of nicotine was either explicitly paired or explicitly unpaired with a distinctive context. A 3rd group of rats was exposed to the experimental procedures but received only saline. Associative tolerance to nicotine's analgesic effects was defined as a shift to the right of the dose-response curve (DRC) of rats in the explicitly paired condition with respect to the DRC of rats in the explicitly unpaired condition. Analgesia was assessed with the tail-flick and hot-plate devices. In the tail-flick assessment, associative tolerance was evident in the 72-hr and the 6-hr IDI conditions only. In the hot-plate assessment, associative tolerance was present in the 72-hr IDI condition only. The findings suggest that contextual tolerance to nicotine's analgesic effects are positively related to IDI length and are more readily demonstrated with the tail-flick method than with the hot-plate method. Overall, the results supported the thesis that nicotine tolerances that develop to different IDIs are qualitatively different and may be mediated by different psychological and physiological mechanisms.

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Associative and behavioral tolerance to the analgesic effects of nicotine in rats: tail-flick and paw-lick assays

Abstract: The findings suggest that contextual tolerance to drug effects is test specific, with tail-flick responses depending on cue-associative tolerance processes and hot-plate responses requiring procedures that allow the animal to practice the test response while drugged.

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Opioids in chronic noncancer pain

Opioids in chronic noncancer pain

Response disinhibition evoked by the administration of nicotine and nicotine-associated contextual cues

Interdose interval effects on the development of contextual tolerance to nicotine's analgesic effects in rats (Rattus norvegicus).

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