Associative learning in deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia

M, Farkas; Polgár, Patrícia; Kelemen, Ogúz; Réthelyi, János M.; Bitter, István; Myers, Catherine E.; Gluck, Mark A.; Kéri, Szabolcs

doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e3282f2dff6

Cited by 36 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The present findings thus complement previously reported data demonstrating impaired hippocampal-dependent generalization in schizophrenia [4, 30, 31], and extend these prior observations by demonstrating that generalization is sensitive to modulation by anti-psychotic medication. This raises important questions regarding the cause of generalization deficits in schizophrenia, as well as the mechanism by which anti-psychotic medication may impact generalization.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…There has been one previous report that medication dose in schizophrenia correlated with number of errors in the learning phase of a task similar to the one used here [30]. However, we found neither an effect of medication on learning phase performance, nor a correlation with medication dose, consistent with a more recent report [31]. This difference may be related to the overall higher APD doses tested in that study [30], compared to the present one.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Learning and Generalization in Schizophrenia: Effects of Disease and Antipsychotic Drug Treatment

Shohamy

Mihalakos

Chin

et al. 2010

Biological Psychiatry

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Background Schizophrenia involves alterations in hippocampal function. The implications of these alterations for memory function in the illness remain poorly understood. Furthermore, it remains unknown how memory is impacted by drug treatments for schizophrenia. The goal of this study was to delineate specific memory processes that are disrupted in schizophrenia and explore how they are affected by medication. We specifically focus on memory generalization - the ability to flexibly generalize memories in novel situations. Methods Individuals with schizophrenia (n=56) and healthy controls (n=20) were tested on a computerized memory generalization paradigm. Participants first engage in trial-by-error associative learning. They are then asked to generalize what they learned by responding to novel stimulus combinations. Individuals with schizophrenia were tested on or off anti-psychotic medication, using a between-subject design that eliminates concerns about learning-set effects. Results Individuals with schizophrenia were selectively impaired in their ability to generalize knowledge, despite having intact learning and memory accuracy. This impairment was found only in individuals tested off medication. Individuals tested on medication generalized almost as well as healthy controls. This between-group difference was selective to memory generalization. Conclusion These findings suggest that individuals with schizophrenia have a selective alteration in the ability to flexibly generalize past experience towards novel learning environments. This alteration is unaccompanied by global memory defect. Additionally, the results indicate a robust generalization difference based on medication status. These results suggest that hippocampal abnormalities in schizophrenia may be alleviated with anti-psychotic medication, with important implications for understanding adaptive memory-guided behavior.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Learning and Generalization in Schizophrenia: Effects of Disease and Antipsychotic Drug Treatment

Shohamy

Mihalakos

Chin

et al. 2010

Biological Psychiatry

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“…Neuropsychological investigations reported discrepant findings, with some studies reporting a greater impairment in DS than in NDS on measures of fronto-parietal functions (i.e., attention, executive control and visuospatial functions, Buchanan et al, 1994;Bryson et al, 2001;Yu et al, 2015), prefrontal functions (verbal fluency, concept formation and cognitive flexibility, Cascella et al, 2008;Polgár et al, 2010) or cortico-striatal functions (reinforcement learning, Farkas et al, 2008;Polgár et al, 2010;Vogel et al, 2013). The majority of studies (Galderisi et al, , 2013aWang et al, 2008;Polgár et al, 2008;Réthelyi et al, 2012;Fervaha et al, 2015a) and a meta-analysis (Cohen et al, 2007) reported a generalized cognitive impairment in DS vs both NDS and controls.…”

Section: Neurocognitive Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Primary and persistent negative symptoms: Concepts, assessments and neurobiological bases

Mucci

Merlotti

Üçok

et al. 2017

Schizophrenia Research

116

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“…Additionally, it has been shown that different WM tests require varying amounts of executive function and research using factor analytic approach demonstrated that FDS and BDS tasks load together to form a factor separate from other tests with higher central executive WM demands, such as N-back task (Allen et al, 2010). Farkas et al (2008) found that schizophrenia patients with severe negative symptoms are more impaired at rule learning tasks than schizophrenia patients with milder negative symptoms.…”

Section: Discussion Different Domains Of Wm With Respect To Psychosismentioning

confidence: 97%

Impairments of Working Memory in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: the Effect of History of Psychotic Symptoms and Different Aspects of Cognitive Task Demands

Hewedi

Frydecka

Moustafa

2015

European Psychiatry

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Comparisons of cognitive impairments between schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) have produced mixed results. We applied different working memory (WM) measures (Digit Span Forward and Backward, Short-delay and Long-delay CPT-AX, N-back) to patients with SZ (n = 23), psychotic BPD (n = 19) and non-psychotic BPD (n = 24), as well as to healthy controls (HC) (n = 18) in order to compare the level of WM impairments across the groups. With respect to the less demanding WM measures (Digit Span Forward and Backward, Short-delay CPT-AX), there were no between group differences in cognitive performance; however, with respect to the more demanding WM measures (Long-delay CPT-AX, N-back), we observed that the groups with psychosis (SZ, psychotic BPD) did not differ from one another, but performed poorer than the group without a history of psychosis (non-psychotic BPD). A history of psychotic symptoms may influence cognitive performance with respect to WM delay and load effects as measured by Long-delay CPT-AX and N-back tests, respectively. We observed a positive correlation of WM performance with antipsychotic treatment and a negative correlation with depressive symptoms in BPD and with negative symptoms in SZ subgroup. Our study suggests that WM dysfunctions are more closely related to a history of psychosis than to the diagnostic categories of SZ and BPD described by psychiatric classification systems.

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Associative learning in deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Learning and Generalization in Schizophrenia: Effects of Disease and Antipsychotic Drug Treatment

Learning and Generalization in Schizophrenia: Effects of Disease and Antipsychotic Drug Treatment

Primary and persistent negative symptoms: Concepts, assessments and neurobiological bases

Impairments of Working Memory in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: the Effect of History of Psychotic Symptoms and Different Aspects of Cognitive Task Demands

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