AST/ALT levels, MDA, and liver histopathology of <i>Echinometra mathaei</i> ethanol extract on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Kresnamurti, Angelica; Rakhma, Dita Nurlita; Damayanti, Amitasari; Santoso, Septiyan Dwi; Restryarto, Enggar; Hadinata, Wifqi; Hamid, Iwan Sahrial

doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0420

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Mild liver injury is mainly caused by elevated ALT. AST increases only when liver cells are seriously damaged and pathological changes appear in the mitochondria [32]. Therefore, if AST/ALT decreases, it is mainly seen in the early stage of acute hepatitis or mild chronic hepatitis; when the hepatocyte damage is serious, AST and ALT significantly increased, and the higher the ratio is, the more serious the hepatocyte damage is.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Affects the Formation and Recovery of Alcoholic Liver Disease through the IL-6–p47phox Oxidative–Stress Axis

Cui

Xue

et al. 2022

Cells

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(1) Background: To explore the effect of exercise on the formation and recovery of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and whether the IL-6–p47phox oxidative–stress axis is involved in that process. (2) Methods: Firstly, 23 six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the Con group, ALD group, ALD + NOXI group, ALD + Ex group, and ALD + Ex + NOXI group. The Liber–DeCarli alcoholic liquid diet was used for 6 weeks to establish the ALD mice model, and the Con group was given the TP4030C control diet. The remaining groups were fed with the TP4030B alcoholic diet, and exercise intervention was started after the ALD model establishment and lasted for another 6 weeks, with or without administration of the NOX inhibitor apocynin by intraperitoneal injection on every exercise training day. Secondly, 28 mice were randomly divided into the Sed group, Eth group, Eth + Ex group and Eth + Ex + NOXI group. The Sed group was given the TP4030C control diet. The remaining groups were fed with the TP4030B alcoholic diet and exercise intervention was started synchronously combined with or without administration of intraperitoneal apocynin injections on every exercise training day for 5 weeks. After each individual experiment was accomplished, physiological assessment and biochemical analysis of blood and tissue samples were examined. (3) Results: The levels of TG in serum and IL-6 protein content in liver tissue in the ALD group were significantly increased compared to the Con group (p < 0.05); compared with ALD, p47phox expression in muscle was increased significantly in the ALD + NOXI group (p < 0.05), and TG in serum decreased in the ALD + Ex group (p < 0.05). TG in serum, AST/ALT ratio, and IL-6 content in both liver and muscle decreased (p < 0.05) in the ALD + Ex + NOXI group with MDA in muscle significantly increased (p < 0.01). The AST/ALT ratio, TG in serum, SOD in liver, and p47phox in both liver and muscle in the ALD + Ex + NOXI group were significantly decreased compared with the ALD + NOXI group (p < 0.01). Compared with the ALD + Ex group, the liver index and HDL-C levels in serum were decreased (p < 0.05) in the ALD + Ex + NOXI group. The degree of hepatocyte steatosis and inflammatory infiltration were ameliorated after exercise intervention. In the Eth group, the relative epididymal fat content, HDL-C level, and AST/ALT ratio were significantly decreased, and TG and gp91phox in liver were significantly higher than in the Sed group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Compared with the Eth group, the AST/ALT ratio, MDA in the liver, and NOX4 and p47phox protein expression in the liver were significantly increased, and body weight decreased significantly in the Eth + Ex group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), as did TG in the liver and MDA in muscle. In the th + Ex + NOXI group, gp91phox expression in the liver and body weight were significantly decreased (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). In the Eth + Ex + NOXI group, the ratio of AST/ALT and MDA in muscle were increased when compared with the Eth + Ex group, and the protein expression of gp91phox and p47phox were much lower (p < 0.01). (4) Conclusions: 6 weeks of exercise intervention during the recovery phase of ALD ameliorates hepatocyte damage and dyslipidemia through the IL-6–p47phox oxidative–stress axis, and applying a NOX inhibitor in combination could optimize this. However, drinking alcohol during exercise exacerbates dyslipidemia and oxidative stress, with hepatocyte IL-6–p47phox downregulated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Affects the Formation and Recovery of Alcoholic Liver Disease through the IL-6–p47phox Oxidative–Stress Axis

Cui

Xue

et al. 2022

Cells

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“…The size and weight of each organ also had little or no change after administration of Mh-ME, indicating that a high dose of Mh-ME has no acute toxicity to ICR mice (Figure 6B,C). The activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum, representing free radicals in hepatocytes, became a criterion of liver toxicity assessment [19,20]. Since reaction of ALT and AST, respectively, produces pyruvate and glutamate, we can measure the serum ALT and AST activity via measurement of pyruvate and glutamate.…”

Section: Acute Toxicity Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Meriania hexamera Sprague by Targeting Syk Kinase in NF-κB Signaling

Kwon,

Jang,

Kim

et al. 2023

Plants

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Inflammation is a protective mechanism against harmful stimuli. There are two types of inflammation, acute and chronic, and severe diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer can be caused by chronic inflammation. Therefore, this research was conducted to discover new anti-inflammatory drugs. Meriania hexamera Sprague is a common herb in the Amazon region in South America. It is used as a traditional medical herb by natives, but no studies to date have investigated its anti-inflammatory activity. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), pam3CSK4 (Pam3), and poly(I:C), we studied the M. hexamera Sprague–Methanol Extract’s (Mh-ME) in vitro anti-inflammatory functions. Using RAW264.7 cells, we detected the released nitric oxide (NO) and mRNA expression extent of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) with pro-inflammatory proteins like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and iterleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). It was found that Mh-ME suppressed the inflammatory activities in a dose-dependent manner. In the luciferase assay, the nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of the activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway was inhibited by Mh-ME. Mh-ME especially acted as an inhibitor of Syk kinase according to the results from CETSA. We also confirmed that Mh-ME mitigates acute gastritis derived from HCl/EtOH in ICR mice, ameliorating the expression of IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). In conclusion, Mh-ME is an herb with anti-inflammatory effects that targets Syk in the NF-κB pathway, suggesting that Mh-ME could be used as an anti-inflammatory herbal medicine.

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4-Methylguaiacol alleviated alcoholic liver injury by increasing antioxidant capacity and enhancing autophagy through the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway

Chen²,

Luan³

et al. 2023

Food Bioscience

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AST/ALT levels, MDA, and liver histopathology of Echinometra mathaei ethanol extract on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Exercise Affects the Formation and Recovery of Alcoholic Liver Disease through the IL-6–p47phox Oxidative–Stress Axis

Exercise Affects the Formation and Recovery of Alcoholic Liver Disease through the IL-6–p47phox Oxidative–Stress Axis

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Meriania hexamera Sprague by Targeting Syk Kinase in NF-κB Signaling

4-Methylguaiacol alleviated alcoholic liver injury by increasing antioxidant capacity and enhancing autophagy through the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway

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