Astaxanthin decreased oxidative stress and inflammation and enhanced immune response in humans

Abstract

BackgroundAstaxanthin modulates immune response, inhibits cancer cell growth, reduces bacterial load and gastric inflammation, and protects against UVA-induced oxidative stress in in vitro and rodent models. Similar clinical studies in humans are unavailable. Our objective is to study the action of dietary astaxanthin in modulating immune response, oxidative status and inflammation in young healthy adult female human subjects.MethodsParticipants (averaged 21.5 yr) received 0, 2, or 8 mg astaxanthin (n = 14/diet) daily for 8 wk in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Immune response was assessed on wk 0, 4 and 8, and tuberculin test performed on wk 8.ResultsPlasma astaxanthin increased (P < 0.01) dose-dependently after 4 or 8 wk of supplementation. Astaxanthin decreased a DNA damage biomarker after 4 wk but did not affect lipid peroxidation. Plasma C-reactive protein concentration was lower (P < 0.05) on wk 8 in subjects given 2 mg astaxanthin. Dietary astaxanthin stimulated mitogen-induced lymphoproliferation, increased natural killer cell cytotoxic activity, and increased total T and B cell subpopulations, but did not influence populations of Thelper, Tcytotoxic or natural killer cells. A higher percentage of leukocytes expressed the LFA-1 marker in subjects given 2 mg astaxanthin on wk 8. Subjects fed 2 mg astaxanthin had a higher tuberculin response than unsupplemented subjects. There was no difference in TNF and IL-2 concentrations, but plasma IFN-γ and IL-6 increased on wk 8 in subjects given 8 mg astaxanthin.ConclusionTherefore, dietary astaxanthin decreases a DNA damage biomarker and acute phase protein, and enhances immune response in young healthy females.

Building strength, endurance, and mobility using an astaxanthin formulation with functional training in elderly

“…Although this CSA gain is smaller than found in RT studies of the elderly (~10%,1, 7, 33, 34), the muscle size gain was one of a suite of changes that accompanied the training stimulus with the AX formulation. This muscle adaptive response has been found with anti‐inflammatory treatments7 and is consistent with the anti‐inflammatory properties reported for AX 10, 11…”

“…9, 11 The strength gain (14.4%) in the AX formulation group was similar to that found with RT in studies of the elderly (10–15%,1, 7, 33) that used isokinetic or isometric methods to measure MVC. This strength gain was accompanied by an increase in muscle size (2.5%), which indicates that a greater muscle mass was a part of the gains in strength.…”

“…Reduction of oxidative stress has been shown to improve the NMJ and specific force in mouse studies 42. The AX formulation is reported to act as an antioxidant in vitro in rodent models and in vivo in humans 11. This antioxidant property may reduce oxidative stress so that the biosynthetic signals raised by exercise training can activate rebuilding of degenerative NMJs with AX treatment.…”

Antioxidant and Chemotherapeutic Potential of Curcuma Amada Rhizome Extract on Benzo(a)pyrene Induced Cervical Carcinoma in Sprague Dawley Rats

“…Mg 2+ ATPase is believed to be responsible for control of membrane permeability and maintain intracellular Mg 2+ , changes of which can control protein synthesis and cell growth [64]. This study shows significant elevation of these enzyme activities in tissues that may be due to peroxidation of membrane lipids that alters the lipid milieu, leading to alterations in membrane fluidity and cell deformability [65] that indicate the persistent deteriorating effect of BaP in cancer-bearing animals. Kolanjiappan et al [66] had reported elevated Na + K + ATPase activity in erythrocytes of cervical cancer patients and [67] reported elevated activity of Ca 2+ ATPase and Mg 2+ ATPase in BaP induced toxicity of experimental mice.…”

Effect of 3β, hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid on 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a) anthracene impaired cellular homeostasis in extrahepatic organs of Sprague Dawley rats

“…54 Na + /K + -ATPase, a membrane-bound enzyme, is essential to maintain the Na + and K + gradients between the cells and their environment. 55 Ca 2+ -ATPase is of primary importance in control of hydration, volume, nutrient uptake, contractility and excitability of muscles. 56,57 Mg 2+ -ATPase regulates the rate of protein synthesis and cell growth.…”